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Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 > musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

musculoskeletal system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the structures of a bone? fig 14.1 a

A
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2
Q

What are the bones of the skeleton? fig. 14.3/4

A
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3
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A
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4
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

legs and arms

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5
Q

What are the vertebrae of the spine? fig 14.2

A

C 7
T 12
L 5

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6
Q

What are the cervical vertebrae?

A

c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 (C-1 to C-7)

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7
Q

What are the thoracic vertebrae?

A

T-1 to T-12

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8
Q

What are the lumbar vertebrae?

A

L1-L5

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9
Q

What are the joints? fig 14.5

A

KNEE

Ligament: flexible tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches BONE TO JOINT

synovial cavity: synovia is a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane found in joint cavities bursae and around tendons

Meniscus: crescent shaped cartilage FOUND IN SOME JOINTS

Bursa: fluid filled sac allowing easy movement of one part of a joint over another

Tendon: band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches MUSCLE TO BONE

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A
  • skeletal muscles (striated) attached to bones by tendons and make movement possible/ voluntary muscles
  • cardiac muscle: cardiac muscle (KAR-dē-ak) (MUS-el): forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat.
    -smooth muscle (involuntary/unstriated): smooth muscles (smooth) (MUS-els) (unstriated): located in internal organs, such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. They are also called involuntary muscles because they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves and are not controlled voluntarily.
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11
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation

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12
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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13
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage (cartilage breakdown)

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14
Q

discitis

A

inflammation of disc (infection of intervertebral disc space)

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15
Q

fibromyalgia

A

pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles ; stiffness in muscles and fatigue, disturbed sleep

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16
Q

kyphosis

A

hump in thoracic spine/ humpback

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17
Q

lordosis

A

Swayback; bending forward in lumbar spine

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18
Q

maxillitis

A

inflammation of maxilla bone

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19
Q

meniscitis

A

inflammation of meniscus

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20
Q

myasthenia

A

Muscle weakness:pain:breakdown

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21
Q

myeloma

A

Bone marrow tumor

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22
Q

osteitis

A

Bone inflammation

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23
Q

osteoarthritis

A

Bone and joint inflammation

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24
Q

osteofibroma

A

Bone tumor

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25
Q

osteomalacia

A

bone softening

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26
Q

osteopenia

A

Bone weakening/pain

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27
Q

osteopetrosis

A

Osteopetrosis is group of a rare disorders that cause bones to grow abnormally and become overly dense. When bones become overly dense, they are brittle and can fracture (break) easily. In addition, bones may be misshapen and large, causing other problems in the body.

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28
Q

osteosarcoma

A

Bone cancer

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29
Q

polymyositis

A

Overview. Polymyositis (pol-e-my-o-SY-tis) is an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body. Having this condition can make it difficult to climb stairs, rise from a seated position, lift objects or reach overhead.

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30
Q

scoliosis

A

bent spine; abnormal curve of spine

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31
Q

synoviosarcoma

A

Synovia cancer (cancer in tissue surrounding joints)

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32
Q

tenosynovitis

A

Tenosynovitis is a broad term describing the inflammation of the fluid-filled synovium within the tendon sheath. It commonly manifests as pain, swelling, and contractures, depending on the etiology.

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33
Q

fracture

A

break

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34
Q

gout

A

excessive uric acid may cause gout

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35
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

hereditary loss of muscle ability

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36
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

muscles under your voluntary control to feel weak and get tired quickly. (Not as bad as MD)

37
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition in which bones become weak and brittle.
Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle. The body constantly absorbs and replaces bone tissue. With osteoporosis, new bone

38
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

inflammatory disorder usually affecting small joints in the hands and feet.
In rheumatoid arthritis, the body’s immune system attacks its own tissue, typically in the hands and feet. In some people, the condition can damage body systems including the skin, eyes, lung, heart and blood vessels.

It affects joint linings, causing painful swelling. This may lead to bone erosion and joint deformity. Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite also can be symptoms.

39
Q

arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid in a joint

40
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones.

41
Q

arthroplasty

A

Repair of a joint

42
Q

bursectomy

A

removal of a bursa

43
Q

chrondroplasty

A

Repair of a cartilage

44
Q

costectomy

A

Removal of rib

45
Q

cranioplasty

A

Cranium repair

46
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into cranium (skull)

47
Q

discectomy

A

Removal of a vertebral disc

48
Q

maxillectomy

A

Removal of maxilla bone

49
Q

meniscectomy

A

Removal of meniscus

50
Q

myorrhaphy

A

Suture of a muscle

51
Q

ostectomy

A

Removal of bone

52
Q

phalangectomy

A

Removal of finger or toe

53
Q

synovectomy

A

Removal of a synovia

54
Q

tenomyoplasty

A

Tendon muscle repair

55
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

Suture of a tendon

56
Q

vertebroplasty

A

Repair of a vertebrae

57
Q

arthroscopy

A

Vis exam of joint

58
Q

fx

A

Fracture

59
Q

MD

A

Muscular dystrophy

60
Q

MG

A

Myasthenia gravis; chronic disease of muscle weakness thought to be caused by nerve impulse defect to muscle cell. No true muscle paralysis

61
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis is inflammation of the bone and joint

62
Q

DC

A

Chiropractor

63
Q

DO

A

Osteopath who specializes in medicine placing on emphasis on relation between/w organs and musculoskeletal system

64
Q

HNP

A

Herniated nucleus pulposus is a condition in which part or all of the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk, resulting in back pain and nerve root irritation

65
Q

arthralgia

A

Joint pain

66
Q

atrophy

A

Weakness

67
Q

bradykinesia

A

Bradykinesia means slowness of movement and speed (or progressive hesitations/halts) as movements are continued. It is one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD)

68
Q

hyperkinesia

A

Excessive movement

69
Q

hypertrophy

A

WHAT IS HYPERTROPHY? Muscle hypertrophy (known simply as hypertrophy) is an increase in the size of a muscle,

70
Q

myalgia

A

Muscle pain

71
Q

intercostal

A

Between ribs

72
Q

prosthesis

A

an artificial body part, such as a leg, a heart, or a breast implant.

73
Q

orthopedist

A

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

74
Q

orthotics

A

specializes in making orthopedic appliances, such as arch supports

75
Q

osteopath

A

DO specialising in dx and tx but places greater emphasis on relation b/w body organs and muculosketla systems

76
Q

rheumatology

A

dr of musculoskeletal disorders characterized by inflammation and degeneration of structures

77
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the midline

78
Q

adduction

A

moving toward midline

79
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

80
Q

eversion

A

turing outward

81
Q

flexion

A

movement where limb is bent, decreasing angle b/w bone and joint

82
Q

extension

A

limb placed in straight position; decreasing angle b/w bone and joint

83
Q

supination

A

palm up movment

84
Q

pronation

A

palm down movement

85
Q

rotation

A

turning around its own axis

86
Q

circumduction

A

movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

87
Q

Tendon

A

Attaches muscle to bone

88
Q

flexible tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches BONE TO JOINT

A

Ligament

Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 (14 decks)

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