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Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 > cardiovascular, immune, lymphatic, blood > Flashcards

cardiovascular, immune, lymphatic, blood Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pathway of the blood through the body

A

a closed loop circulation between the heart and body tissue

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2
Q

pathway of blood through heart

A

Blood comes into the right atrium from the body,
moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs.
After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body’s tissues through the aorta.

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3
Q

pathway of blood through lungs

A

pulmonary circulation; a closed loop circulation b/w the heart and lungs for gas exchange

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4
Q

Heart

A

pumps blood throughout the circulation system

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5
Q

where is the atria

A

top of heart

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6
Q

where is the ventricles

A

bottom of heart

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7
Q

hematopoiesis

A

Stem cells in the bone marrow develop into different types of blood cells (hematopoiesis) which are rbcs, wbcs, and thrombocytes (platelets).

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8
Q

arteries

A

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart

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9
Q

arterioles

A

tiny arteries that carry blood AWAY from heart

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10
Q

venules

A

tiny veins that carry blood TOWARD the heart

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11
Q

venae cavae

A

Venae cavae is the largest vein the body. (inferior and superior)

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12
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in body; in left ventricle; in neck

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13
Q

veins

A

carry blood TOWARD heart; carry co2 rich blood because they carry blood from LUNGS to HEART

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14
Q

myocardium

A

the muscular tissue of the heart.

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15
Q

pericardium

A

2 layer sac surrounding the heart; contains the epicardium and the parietal pericardium

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16
Q

epicardium

A

outer lining covering the heart

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17
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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18
Q

myocardium

A

the muscular tissue of the heart.

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19
Q

plasma

A

Plasma is the part of your blood that carries platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells around the body. It contains antibodies, known as immunoglobulins, which fight infection. Plasma makes up approximately 55% of your blood.

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20
Q

thrombocytes (platelets)

A

blood clot formation and tissue repair (located in the buffy coat after centrifuge)

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21
Q

spleen

A

left of abdominal cavity b/w stomach and diaphragm; largest lympathic organ in the whole body; destroys old RBCs, stores blood. Blood flows through the spleen to be cleansed of microogranisms

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22
Q

thymus gland

A

on top of aorta, behind the sternum and b/w the lungs; important role in development of body’s immune system from child to adult; shrinks in puberty and after is no longer that important

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23
Q

lymph

A

colorless tissue fluid full of lymphocytes and monocytes; collected extracurricular fluid that travels away from body tissue to heart in a one way system; is drained into cardiovascular system through ducts in the chest

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24
Q

lymph nodes

A

small spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue; filter lymph to keep bacteria etc from entering the blood

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25
Q

angioma

A

Blood vessel tumor (benign)

An angioma is a benign growth that consists of small blood vessels. These tumors can be located anywhere on the body. Some of the different types include spider angiomas and cherry angiomas.

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26
Q

angiostenosis

A

Narrowing of (blood) vessels

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27
Q

angioplasty

A

Repair of a vessel (usually blood vessel)

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28
Q

embolectomy

A

Embolectomy is a medical procedure that involves the surgical removal of an embolus, which is a blood clot or other foreign material that has lodged within a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow

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29
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Arteriosclerosis is similar to atherosclerosis, but instead of fatty deposits hardening the artery walls, calcium deposits do so.

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30
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

Heart muscle disease

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31
Q

endocarditis

A

ndocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. It usually involves the heart valves.

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32
Q

ischemia

A

deficiency in blood flow caused by constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

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33
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of heart muscle

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34
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of sac surrounding heart

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35
Q

polyarteritis

A

inflammation of many arteries

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36
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of heart valve

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37
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

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38
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain occurring when there is insufficient blood supply to the muscle

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39
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden stop of cardiac output and circulation; requires CPR

40
Q

coronary artery disease

A

CAD; reduces blood flow through coronary arteries to myocardium that may progress to depriving heart tissue of insufficient oxygen and nutrients; caused by atherosclerosis

41
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot in a deep vein

42
Q

fibrillation

A

quivering/unsteady heart movement, leading to arrhythmia

43
Q

heart failure/congestive

A

HF/CHF; inability to pump enough blood through body to supply tissues & organs with nutrients and oxygen

44
Q

peripheral artery disease

A

PAD; artery disease in arms & legs resulting in a narrowing of artery caused by atherscerosis

45
Q

varicose veins

A

distended/torturous veins usually found in lower extremities

46
Q

angioplasty

A

angioplasty = repair of a blood vessel

47
Q

angioscope

A

instrument used to look at a blood vessel

48
Q

aortogram

A

radiographic image of the aorta

49
Q

arteriogram

A

radiographic img of the artery

50
Q

echocardiogram

A

heart echo uses sound to listen to blood flow of heart

51
Q

diastolic

A

ventricles relax/ bottom number

52
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument used to measure blood pressure

53
Q

systolic

A

ventricles contract/ top number

54
Q

atrioventricular

A

AV; relating to atrium and ventricles

55
Q

cardiogenic

A

originating in the heart

56
Q

lumen

A

Each type of vessel has a lumen—a hollow passageway through which blood flows.

57
Q

occlusion

A

the blockage or closing of an opening, blood vessel, or hollow organ.

58
Q

cardiopulmonary

A

heart-lungs

59
Q

defibrillation

A

delivers an electrical shock across the chest, either by placing a pair of manual paddles on the chest or through the application of adhesive “hands-free” pads. Current defibrillators typically utilize a biphasic waveform that needs a lower energy level to achieve effective defibrillation.

60
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

constricts blood vessels

61
Q

vasodilator

A

widens blood vessels

62
Q

embolism

A

state of a plug (blood clot or foreign material)

63
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count; Complete blood count w/ differential (CBC w diff): Lab test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of RBCs, WBCs, and thromocytes (platelets).

64
Q

hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin Hgb: blood test measuring amount of Hgb (protein in rbcs that carries O2) in blood

65
Q

thymoma

A

thymus tumor

66
Q

lymphoma

A

lymph tumor

67
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

68
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of the lymph nodes

69
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

lymphdenopathy: disease of the lymph nodes (enlargement)

70
Q

thymectomy

A

thymectomy: excision of thymus gland

71
Q

anticoagulant

A

Anticoagulant: agent that slows blood clotting process

72
Q

plasmapheresis

A

removal of plasma

73
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of RBCs

74
Q

hematology

A

study of blood

75
Q

hemostasis

A

stoppage of bleeding

76
Q

antibody

A

Antibody: protective protein produced by immune system in response to foreign substance (antigen)

77
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease;

78
Q

HF/CHF

A

heart failure/congestive heart failure

79
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit; Hematocrit Hct: % of blood sample that is composed of RBCs. Used to dx anemics

80
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin; blood test measuring amount of Hgb (protein in rbcs that carries O2) in blood

81
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular : pertaining to the atrium and ventricle

82
Q

PAD

A

peripheral artery disease; occurs in arms & legs, resulting in narrowing of artery caused by atherosclerosis

83
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis; blood clot in a deep vein

84
Q

Septicemia

A

overwhelming presence of pathogens in blood

85
Q

sickle cell disease

A

group of inherited RBC disorders where hemoglobin is shaped abnormally & has a shorter life cycle

85
Q

Prothrombin time PT/INR

A

blood test measuring blood clotting ability; used to eval bleeding disorders, etc

86
Q

aPTT

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time: blood test measuring ability of blood to clot by measuring blood factors. Used to eval bleeding disorders

87
Q

Adults have ___ liters of blood.

A

5

88
Q

SA

A

SA node: the pacemaker of the heart; sinoatrial/sinus node (comes before other node)

89
Q

athersclerosis

A

ateriosclerosis is hardening of arteries

90
Q

cardiovascular system is made up of

A

Cardiovascular system is a closed network of blood vessels made up of capillaries, arteries, and veins

91
Q

-apheresis

A

removal

92
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

93
Q

–ism

A

state of

94
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

95
Q

my/o

A

muscle

Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 (14 decks)

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