Reproduction systems Flashcards
When does sexual maturity occur?
after Puberty
During puberty which glands are stimulated?
Hypothalamus and pituitary glands
what do the Hypothalamus and pituitary glands do in puberty?
starts the process of sexual characteristics and reproductive system
What hormone does the hypothalamus produce?
follicle-stimulating hormone
FSH
What hormone does the pituitary gland produce?
Luteinizing hormone
LH
Purpose of ovarys
contains a set amount of eggs (around 22 million) at rest till puberty, every 28 days an increase of FSH stimulates a potential egg to begin maturing.
Each developing egg is surrounded by a group of cells (a follicle) that helps the egg mature. then ruptures through the orvry wall (ovulation) travels through the fallopian tube.
Purpose of fallopian tubes
The primary function of the fallopian tubes is to transport eggs from the ovary to the uterus. It is also where the egg is fertilized.
Purpose of uterus
Functions of the uterus include nurturing the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus and holding it till the baby is mature enough for birth.
Purpose of cervix
The cervix serves as a passageway in and out of the uterus. It widens during childbirth to allow the baby to pass through, and it lets menstrual blood leave the vagina. Sperm travels through the cervix to the uterus.
Purpose of vagina
The vagina allows for sexual intercourse and birth.
What hormone does FSH and LH stimulate in females
Estrogen
What does estrogen do?
Controls the develments of sexual characterstics
What hormone stimulates testosterone in males
LH
WHat does testosterone do?
Produces sperm cells, controls developments of male sexual characteristics
During sexual intercourse what glands are stimulated to create sperm?
Prostate gland, bulbourthos gland, seminal vesical secrete fluid.
how do males create sperm?
the testes create sperm, then it is moved to the epididymis to mature.
WHat is peristalsis?
involuntary smooth muscle contraction (Ejactulation)
Three stages of the menstrual cycle?
Flow phase
follicular phase
Luteal Phase
Flow phase
uterus lining and some blood flow out of the body
follicular phase
Increases in FSH and LH cause ovilation; increases in estrogen cause lining of uterus to thicken
Luteal Phase
Releases of progesterone and estrogen stops production of FSH and LH and increases blood vessels in the lining of the uterus.
Male reproductive cycle
Sperm production starts with the hypothalamus stimulated the pitutary gland to relase FSH which is picked up by the LH which finally begin to produce testosterone.
FIve major stages of fetal development
the zygote
the blastocyst
the embryo
the fetus
the newborn
The zygote
it is the result of the union between a sperm and egg. The zygote divided over and over through the process of mitosis
the blastocyst
It is a hollow ball of cells that attach on the surface of the uterine lining.
This is when three cell layers devlope:
ectoderm- which will develop into skiln and nervous system
Mesoderm- which will develop into a variety of internal organs and tissues
Endoderm- which will develop inot digestive organs and lining
the embryo
three vital membranse develop:
1. amniote- cuhions the embryo and protects it from sudden temperature changes
2. placenta- is formed from the uterine wall and connects the embryo to the mother
3. The umbilical cord connects the embryo and placenta with two arteries and a vein. the mother’s blood carries nuterience and oxygen to the embryo while the embryos blood carries waste to the mother to be diffused in the blood and peed out.
The fetus/trimesters
After nine months the baby is now a fetus.
The rest of pregancy is divided into trimesters.
1 (conception to week 9). the fetus undergoes cell determination, the heart begins to beat, and early versions of the breain, vertebrae, spinal cord, and many internal organs are forming.
2 (week 13-26). The heartbeat can now be heard by a stethoscope and fingers and toes are fully formed. The mothers uterus has expanded to 4-5x its orginal size and the baby is strong enough that the mother can feel its movements.
3 (27-birth). A pregancy is consiered full term at 37-40 weeks, and typically grows to between 7 and 9 lbs and around 20 inches long.
The newborn/birth
The birth has three stages:
1. (dilation of the cervex), unterine contractions begin to push the walls of the uterus until the cervix is dilated to 10cm.
2. (Emerence of the baby), ideally, the uterine contractions will have turned the baby so that its head is towards the cervex. (if feet first it is called a breech position) The hormone oxytecin stimulates in the mother both milk production and a strong desire to bond with the baby.
3. (Delivary of the placenta) soon after the baby emerges the contractions will detach the placenta from the untrine wall so it can be delivered. The last physical connection, the umblilical cord will be clamped and cut.
Three parts of the sperm cell
Head
mid piece
tail
head
contains the cell nucles and enzymes to help penertate the egg membrae
mid piece
Carries the energy needed to move and function
tail
Propels the sperm from the vagina to the fallopain tube
how does the egg turn into the zygote
23 chromones from the sperm and 23 from the egg
if the sperm has XX chromones its a girl
if the sperm has XY chromones its a boy
All reproductive organs MALE
vas defern
prostate gland
penis
urithra
testis
epidiymus
scroctum
seminal vesicle
bulbsoirus gland
All reproductive organs FEMALE
Utreus
cervix
vigina
fulopiean tubes
ovarys
urtithra
