Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Science > Homeostasis, Nutrition, and Digestion > Flashcards

Homeostasis, Nutrition, and Digestion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Homeostasis is the ability to maintain internal stability in an organism in response to the environmental changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Zygote

A

the combination of the egg and sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Zygote does what first?

A

divides into embryonic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can stem cells do?

A

It can turn into any time of cell through a process called determiantion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is determation?

A

When a stem cell turns into a muscle cell, sperm cell, ect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cells

A

200 different types of human cells, with their specifci struture and chem makeup it causes them to perform a specific task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of simular cells to perform a function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 types of tissue

A
  1. epithelial - skin - protects
  2. connective - tendons - supports
  3. muscle - cardiac - contracts
  4. nervous - neurons - transmits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

organs

A

two or more types of tissue that work together to do the same job,
heart uses muscle, nervous, and epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

organ systems

A

two or more organs that work together to preform a function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organisms

A

collections of organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensors

A

Gather data about conditions with internal sensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

control centre

A

recieves data from the sensors and compairs it to ideal “set points” and sends messages in a form a nerve impulses or hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

communication systems

A

Carries the messages to different parts of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Set points

A

a cernian level that is ideal for an orgaism to surive

37 degrees body temp

level of O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Targets

A

Organs or tissues will revice the messages amd adjust there level of activiy accordingly

Less than the set point of needed O2, breathing inceases, heart beats faster.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

negative feedback loop

A

negative feedback loop. What that means is that the speed of production is sensitive to the amount of Product X. When it starts to build up, production slows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

positive feedback loop

A

A positive feedback loop reacts to a stimulus by promoting or increasing it, instead of stopping or reversing it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Integumentary system

A

acts like a barrier against infection injury and UV radiation as well as helps regulate body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

digestive system

A

breaks down and absorbs nutrients salts and water as well as elimates some wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

respiratory system

A

brings down O2 for cells and expels CO2 and water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

excretory system

A

eliminates wsate products and helps maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

endocrine system

A

influences growth development and metabolism as well as helps to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

reproductive system

A

produces reproductive cells and in females provides the environment for an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

circulatory system

A

transports oxyge nutrients and wastes helps to regulate body tempurature and collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns it to the circulatory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

immune system

A

protects against disease as well as stores and generates white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

nervous system

A

regulates the bodys response to changes in internal and external environment as well as processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Skeletal system

A

supports and protects vital organs allows for movement stores minerals and serves as the site for red blood cell production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Muscular system

A

produces voluntary and involuntary movements helps to circulate blood and also to move food through digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Superior (Cranial)

A

Above, towards the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Inferior (Caudal)

A

below, torwards the feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Anterior (Ventral)

A

towards the front of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Posterior (Dorsal)

A

Towards the back of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Medial

A

towards the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Distal

A

away from the attached end of a limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Proximal

A

toward the attached end of a limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Relative

A

relative to something
it is 30min before lunch
my feet are below my knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Absolute

A

exact place
it is 12:00
here are my feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Three primary functions of the food you eat

A

Impacts growth and development of your brain and body
primary source of nutrients, and energy, to nurse the body
Maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

six different types of nutrients needed for homeostasis

A

water
proteins
fats
carbohydrates
minerals
vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

3 groups that contain the six different types of nutrients needed for homeostasis

A

Water
Macronutrients
Micronutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does water contain?

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what does macronutrients contain?

A

proteins
fats
carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what does micronutrients contain?

A

minerals
vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the function of Water

A

Involved in nearly every chemical reaction in every cell of your body

Also helps to digest food, eliminate waste, maintain blood volume, regulate body temperature, and keep skin moist

Need to drink ~2 litres per day to maintain fluid balance (homeostasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the function of Proteins

A

The raw materials (building blocks) of the tissues in your body (organs, muscle, hair, skin, nails, bones, tendons ligaments, and blood plasma)

Involved in so many processes:
Structure of the body (building muscle)
Messaging (hormones)
Immune response (antibodies)
Enzymes (lactase for digesting lactose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the function of Fats

A

Fats break down into fatty acids which serve a variety of purposes:
Key components in the construction of cell membranes
Provides long–term energy and stores around your body to act as energy reserves in times of need
Insulates and protects your organs
Helps transport and absorb fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the function of Carbohydrates

A

The primary job of carbohydrates is to provide the energy for your muscles and central nervous system need to move and grow

Other functions of carbs include:
Can be turned into glycogen and stored as energy for times of need
Aid in digestion (fiber in particular)
Helps you feel full for longer after eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the function of minerals

A

Small, inorganic materials needed for various cell processes and to build/repair tissues

51
Q

What is the function of vitaminss

A

Small, organic molecules that work with enzymes to regulate cell function, growth (size), and development (complexity)

52
Q

What are Proteins made of?

A

amino Acids

53
Q

two or more amino acids form a what?

A

peptide

54
Q

How many different amino acids in order to build proteins?

A

20

55
Q

Your body makes how many amino acids?

A

11

56
Q

What are the amino acids called that humans do not produce?

A

essental amino acids

57
Q

red brans and rice has all of what?

A

9 essentail amino acids

58
Q

WHat is cholesterol?

A

it is a waxy substance found in your blood in every cell.

59
Q

WHat does cholesterol do?

A

it builds healthy cells makes estrogen testosterone too much cholestrol will build up in vessels.

60
Q

What are the collections of amino acids?

A

Non-essentail amino acids
essentail amino acids
conditonal amino acids
branch-chain amino acids (BCAA)

61
Q

What is the function of Non-essentail amino acids

A

metabolized fore energy, help immune, and protein synthesis

62
Q

What is the function of essentail amino acids

A

protein synthesis, tissue repair, nutrient absorbs

63
Q

What is the function of conditonal amino acids

A

sickness, illnesses, and pregnacny

64
Q

What is the function of branch-chain amino acids (BCAA)

A

build od protien, reduces muscle break down.

65
Q

WHat are the good and bad cholestrol?

A

HDL
LDL

66
Q

WHat does the good cholestrol do?

A

Carries extra cholesterol back to the liver to be broken down, so it doesnt build up in vesels

67
Q

WHat does the bad cholestrol do?

A

Carries cholestrol to cells but too much will build up in vesels

68
Q

What does your body use cholesterol for?

A

builds healthy cells makes estrogen, testrosterore.

69
Q

What is the hunter reflex

A

keeps the hands warm by the vessels in forarms delalating.

70
Q

Fats form a group of what?

A

Lipds

71
Q

WHat is the unqice thing about fats?

A

hydrophobic

72
Q

Two types of fats

A

simple triglyceride
Mixed triglyceriden = butter

73
Q

4 groups of fats

A

saturated fats,
unstaturated fats,
trans fat,
sterols

74
Q

What is the characteristst of saturated fats

A

Polymer Chain: bonds to any hydrogen atom

source: Animal products

State: soild

Impact on health: raise LDL, but no effect if healthy

75
Q

What is the characteristst of unsaturated fats

A

Polymer Chain: less hydrogen atoms, double bond between carbon atoms

source: plant products, and fish, eggs

State: liquid

Impact on health: lowers LDL

76
Q

What is the characteristst of trans fats

A

Polymer Chain: does not exist in nature, adds extra hydrogen

source: processed and fast foods

State: semi-soild

Impact on health: raise LDL, lowers HDL

77
Q

What is the characteristst of sterols

A

Polymer Chain: carbon ring, no fatty acids

source: plants, animal fats

State: solid

Impact on health: Production hormones like testosterone and vitamin D, HDL and LDL

78
Q

What are minerals, and what do they do?

A

inorganic materials that the body uses to carry out cell processess and to build/repair tissues

79
Q

What are vitamins, and what do they do?

A

Organic molecules, it regulate cell function, growth, and development

80
Q

Two kinds of vitamins?

A

Fat-soluble
water-soluble

81
Q

What does fat solube vitamins do?

A

It can only be broken by fatty acids
stores in the bodys fatty tissue
high doeses are toxic

82
Q

What does water solube vitamins do?

A

dissolve in water
vitams C and D cannot be stored so you will need to eat fooods with these

83
Q

What is a calorie?

A

Measure of energy

84
Q

What should you be worrying about with calories?

A

The quality

85
Q

Your daily energy output comes from what three soruces?

A

Basal metabolic Rate (BMR)
Physical Activity
Thermic effect of food (TEF)

86
Q

What is Basal metabolic Rate (BMR)?

A

The amount of energy your body need to simply exist

87
Q

What is Physical Activity?

A

burns calories, by moving

88
Q

What is Thermic effect of food (TEF)?

A

The amount of energy your body needs to digest and absorbs your food

89
Q

What is the three states Energy balance?

A

Calorie Deficit
Maintenance
Calorie surplus

90
Q

What is TDEE?

A

total daily energy expenditure

91
Q

How to use a Nutrition Facts Label 4 steps

A

amount of food the nutrition is based on
Macronutrients
% daily value
Micronutrients

92
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process by which large, complex molecules in food are broken down into smaller molecules that can be used in the body

93
Q

What organs are part of the digestive system?

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus.

94
Q

Digestive organs are separated by what?

A

rings of muscles called sphincters,

95
Q

What are sphincters job

A

to move food and liquid in one direction

96
Q

WHat is the mechanical process of the digestion

A

teeth chewing, stomach churning

97
Q

What is the chemistry process of the digestion

A

enzymes, saliva, stomach acid

98
Q

What does the mouth do?

A

Mechanical: chews and shreds food

Chemical: Amylase ( a digestive enzyme) begins to breaks complex starches into simple sugar

99
Q

What does the esoghagus do?

A

Mechanical: A rhythic involuntory contraction of the smooth muscles.

Chemical: none

100
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Mechanical: Muscle contractions, churn the food

Chemical: enzymes from the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

101
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Mechanical: Wall contract every 20 seconds chruning and breaking down food

Chemical: gastic juice hydrocholic acid and pepsin kills bacteria and breaks down bonds between amino acids food is now a semi liquid mixture called chyme

102
Q

What does the Large intestine/rectum do?

A

Mechanical: LI: absorbs water still left in food and forms soild waste(feces) A: Stores the feces and eventually allow it to be stool

Chemical: none

103
Q

What does the Liverm gall bladder, pancreas do?

A

Mechanical: none

Chemical: L: produces bile GB: stores bile and releases it when needed to break down fats. P: alkalome flid neutralizes pepsin and other enzymes continue to break starches into simple sugar.

104
Q

Where does meats get digested?

A

stomach

105
Q

Where does cheese get digested?

A

small intestine

106
Q

Where does bun get digested?

A

Mouth

107
Q

3 different simple carbs, Monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

108
Q

Glucose charaterists

A

the most abundant sugar molecule
doesn’t usually occur on its own, but rather in combination with other simple sugars
all carbohydrates break down into glucose to be carried through the blood and used by the body

109
Q

Fructose charaterists

A

the sweetest natural sugar, abundant in fruits and vegetables

A highly processed version of this called high fructose corn syrup is the new culprit in the obesity epidemics plaguing the West

110
Q

Galactose charaterists

A

does not occur alone in foods

only exists in food in combination with glucose to form lactose, the sugar found in milk

111
Q

WHat two monosaccharides create Sucrose

A

glucose + fructose = sucrose (the sweetest sugar; table sugar; found in naturally sweet things like fruit and honey)

112
Q

WHat two monosaccharides create lactose

A

glucose + galactose = lactose (sugar found in dairy milk; human milk as well)

113
Q

WHat two monosaccharides create maltose

A

glucose + glucose = maltose (less sweet than sucrose; used to make beer)

114
Q

When two monosaccharides combind what does it make?

A

Disaccharides

115
Q

WHat is a polysaccharide?

A

is a carbohydrate polymer that more then ten monomers that can be stored for later

116
Q

WHat does starches do to your body?

A

how most plants store their glucose molecules
must be broken down and digested to be useful to us
worm or small tree branches
Ex: whole grains

117
Q

WHat does glycogen do to your body?

A

how animals (including humans!) store glucose molecules

the liver makes and stores glycogen from the excess glucose we eat
tree brancjhes

118
Q

WHat does cellulose do to your body?

A

what gives plants their structure
cannot be digested by humans and so provides no nutrients or energy
adds “bulk” to our stool (yikes)
compact square
Ex: plant products

119
Q

What is absorption?

A

The process by which nutrients move out of the digestive organs and into the circiurory and lymphatic systems.

120
Q

Where does absorbion take place?

A

The small intestine, the lining of the small villi, and microvilli

121
Q

How does the small intestine absorb?

A

First the lining. The lining of the small intestine is rigid and folded which both increases the surface area that’s doing the absorbing, and slows the passage of food through the organ itself, providing more time to absorb nutrients.

122
Q

How does the villi absorb?

A

These folds are covered in villi – small finger like projections that that absorb nutrients.

123
Q

How does the microvilli absorb?

A

microvilli that help to absorb even more nutrients smaller fingers.

124
Q

All three monosaccharides are made up of the same chemical formula which is?

A

C6H12O6

Health Science (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions