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Biology - Inheritance > Reproduction in Plants > Flashcards

Reproduction in Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

4 Types of Asexual Reproduction

A

Vegetative reproduction by Root, Leaves and Stem
and Spore Formation

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2
Q

Process of Reproduction in Roots

A
  • Tubers will grow underground
  • The Tubers will grow into the new plant
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3
Q

Reproduction in leaves

A
  • leaves develop adventitious roots when placed in damp soil
  • Grow plantlets on the edge of the leaves
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4
Q

3 Ways of Reproduction in Stems

A

Rhizomes, Bulbs and Corm

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5
Q

Rhizomes are

A

Thickened underground stems

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6
Q

Rhizomes store

A

Food

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7
Q

How does Rhizomes reproduce

A

Smaller baby stem tubers form around the parent stem tuber

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8
Q

Stem tubers are

A

Modified swollen underground stems storing starchy food

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9
Q

Bulbs are

A

short, modified underground stems

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10
Q

Bulbs are surrounded by

A

Fleshy scale leaves

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11
Q

Bulbs are surrounded by

A

Fleshy scale leaves

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12
Q

Fleshy scale leaves contain

A

stored food for the shoot

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13
Q

Examples of bulb reproduction

A

Onion and garlic bulbs

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14
Q

Examples of bulb reproduction

A

Onion and garlic bulbs

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15
Q

Corm is

A

Short underground stem that is formed on the side of the old corm

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16
Q

Spore formation happens to

A

ferns and mosses

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17
Q

How does Spores formation happen

A

Spore germinate and develop into a new plant that is identical to the parent plant

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18
Q

Types of Artificial propagation

A
  1. Grafting
  2. Cutting
  3. Layering
  4. Micropropagation
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19
Q

What is grafting

A

Grafting is cutting one part of a plant, and connecting it to another plant

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20
Q

Requirements of Grafting

A
  1. Plants must be around the same size
  2. We must wrap the connection to allow it to have time to build a connection
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21
Q

What is cutting process in Artificial Propagation

A

Cutting one part of a plant, and sticking it to the soil

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22
Q

What is cutting process in Artificial Propagation

A

Cutting one part of a plant, and sticking it to the soil

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23
Q

What is Layering in Artifical Propagation

A

Taking a long stem(runner/stolon) and dipping it into a soil

24
Q

What is Layering in Artifical Propagation

A

Taking a long stem(runner/stolon) and dipping it into a soil

25
Q

What is Micropropagation

A

The process of cutting leaves into certain pieces.
The leaves will be put into certain medium to let it grow

26
Q

The 3 Main parts of Flower

A
  1. Perianth
  2. Stamen(Androecium)
  3. Carpel(Gynoecium)
27
Q

Parts of Perianth

A

Sepal and Petal

28
Q

All the sepal in a flower is called

A

Calyx

29
Q

What does Sepal act as

A

Protection for the flower when it is a bud

30
Q

All the petals in a flower is called

A

Corolla

31
Q

What does Petal do
(2)

A

Protect sex organs of plants
Attract insects for pollination

32
Q

Parts of Stamen(Androecium)

A

Anther and Filament

33
Q

What does anther do?

A

Make Pollen Grains

34
Q

What does pollen grain contain

A

Male Gamete of the flower

35
Q

What is a filament

A

Stalk that Holds up the anther

36
Q

Parts of the carpel(Gynoecium)
(3)

A

Ovule, Stigma, Style

37
Q

Ovule is made in

A

Ovary

38
Q

Stigma is

A

The Place where pollen grain lands

39
Q

Style is

A

the stalk that connects stigma and ovary

40
Q

Style is

A

the stalk that connects stigma and ovary

41
Q

Formation of Pollen Grains in Anther

A

1) For the plant to reproduce it needs to produce, Pollen Grains(Male) and Ovules(female).
2) Anther has four pollen sacs
3) Each pollen sac, contains hundreds of diploid cells (pollen mother cell)
4) Pollen mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce four haploids’ microspores
5) Microspore performs mitosis to form two types of nuclei, tube nucleus and generative nucleus
6) Microspores develop into pollen grains.

42
Q

Formation of embryo sac in ovule

A

1) Ovule develops from the tissue in the ovary of a flower
2) Embryo sac mother cell undergoes miosis and forms 4 haploid megaspores
3) Only one megaspore survives.
4) The surviving/functional megaspore enlarges many times, filling the ovule
5) The nucleus of the megaspore undergoes 3 mitotic divisions to form 8 haploid nuclei
6) 3 of the 8 migrate to one end forming antipodal cells.
7) 2 move to the center to form polar nuclei
8) 3 Nuclei at the other end, form an egg cell clamped by 2 synergid cells
9) This structure formed is called embryo sac.

43
Q

Double Fertilization is

A
  • Process of fertilization that happens twice in flowering plants
44
Q

What is formed first time of double fertilization

A

Diploid Zygote

45
Q

What is formed second time of double fertilization

A

Triploid nucleus

46
Q

Fertilized ovule develops into :
Zygote becomes:

A

Seed ; Embryo

47
Q

Integuments become

A

Seed Coat

48
Q

Ovary become :
Ovary wall become

A

Fruit ; Fruitwall

49
Q

Process of double fertilization in flowering plants

A

1) Pollen grains transferred by pollinating agents to stigmas of the flower
2) Stigma has sticky sugar solution
3) Pollen grains stick onto the sticky solution, so they don’t fall off or get blown away.
4) Sugars in the stigma stimulate pollen grain to germinate and form the pollen tube
5) Pollen tube grows into the style towards the ovule
6) At the same time, generative nucleus divides by mitosis into two male gamete nuclei
7) Tube nucleus leads the male nuclei to move down the pollen tube
8) When the pollen tube reaches the ovary, it penetrates the ovule through the micropyle
9) Tube nucleus disintegrates, leaving a clear passage for the male nuclei to enter embryo sac
10) One Male Nuclei fuses with egg cell to form diploid zygote
11) Other male nucleus moves further in to fuse with the other two polar nuclei forming a triploid nucleus
12) The Triploid nucleus divides to form a special nutritive tissue called endosperm
13) Zygote divides and grows into an embryo
14) The outer layer of ovule loses moisture and develops hard seed coat
15) The seed coat protects the embryo and its endosperm

50
Q

What is metagenesis

A

reproduction cycle of an organism that alternates between sexual and asexual generations

51
Q

Types of plants showing metagenesis : (3)

A

Bryophyta, pteridophyte, Gymnospermae

52
Q
  • Sporophyte reproduces by
A

asexual method through spores (diploid)

53
Q
  • Gametophyte reproduces by
A

the sexual method through gametes (haploid)

54
Q

Gametophyte gives life to …
Sporophyte gives life to

A
  • Gametophyte gives life to sporophyte and sporophyte gives life to the gametophyte
55
Q

The alteration of Gametophyte gives life to sporophyte and sporophyte gives life to the gametophyte is called

A

Alteration of generations

56
Q

.

A

.

Biology - Inheritance (8 decks)

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