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Biology - Inheritance > Reproduction in Plants > Flashcards

Reproduction in Plants Flashcards

1
Q

4 Types of Asexual Reproduction

A

Vegetative reproduction by Root, Leaves and Stem
and Spore Formation

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2
Q

Process of Reproduction in Roots

A
  • Tubers will grow underground
  • The Tubers will grow into the new plant
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3
Q

Reproduction in leaves

A
  • leaves develop adventitious roots when placed in damp soil
  • Grow plantlets on the edge of the leaves
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4
Q

3 Ways of Reproduction in Stems

A

Rhizomes, Bulbs and Corm

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5
Q

Rhizomes are

A

Thickened underground stems

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6
Q

Rhizomes store

A

Food

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7
Q

How does Rhizomes reproduce

A

Smaller baby stem tubers form around the parent stem tuber

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8
Q

Stem tubers are

A

Modified swollen underground stems storing starchy food

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9
Q

Bulbs are

A

short, modified underground stems

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10
Q

Bulbs are surrounded by

A

Fleshy scale leaves

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11
Q

Bulbs are surrounded by

A

Fleshy scale leaves

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12
Q

Fleshy scale leaves contain

A

stored food for the shoot

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13
Q

Examples of bulb reproduction

A

Onion and garlic bulbs

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14
Q

Examples of bulb reproduction

A

Onion and garlic bulbs

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15
Q

Corm is

A

Short underground stem that is formed on the side of the old corm

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16
Q

Spore formation happens to

A

ferns and mosses

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17
Q

How does Spores formation happen

A

Spore germinate and develop into a new plant that is identical to the parent plant

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18
Q

Types of Artificial propagation

A
  1. Grafting
  2. Cutting
  3. Layering
  4. Micropropagation
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19
Q

What is grafting

A

Grafting is cutting one part of a plant, and connecting it to another plant

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20
Q

Requirements of Grafting

A
  1. Plants must be around the same size
  2. We must wrap the connection to allow it to have time to build a connection
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21
Q

What is cutting process in Artificial Propagation

A

Cutting one part of a plant, and sticking it to the soil

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22
Q

What is cutting process in Artificial Propagation

A

Cutting one part of a plant, and sticking it to the soil

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23
Q

What is Layering in Artifical Propagation

A

Taking a long stem(runner/stolon) and dipping it into a soil

24
Q

What is Layering in Artifical Propagation

A

Taking a long stem(runner/stolon) and dipping it into a soil

25
What is Micropropagation
The process of cutting leaves into certain pieces. The leaves will be put into certain medium to let it grow
26
The 3 Main parts of Flower
1. Perianth 2. Stamen(Androecium) 3. Carpel(Gynoecium)
27
Parts of Perianth
Sepal and Petal
28
All the sepal in a flower is called
Calyx
29
What does Sepal act as
Protection for the flower when it is a bud
30
All the petals in a flower is called
Corolla
31
What does Petal do (2)
Protect sex organs of plants Attract insects for pollination
32
Parts of Stamen(Androecium)
Anther and Filament
33
What does anther do?
Make Pollen Grains
34
What does pollen grain contain
Male Gamete of the flower
35
What is a filament
Stalk that Holds up the anther
36
Parts of the carpel(Gynoecium) (3)
Ovule, Stigma, Style
37
Ovule is made in
Ovary
38
Stigma is
The Place where pollen grain lands
39
Style is
the stalk that connects stigma and ovary
40
Style is
the stalk that connects stigma and ovary
41
Formation of Pollen Grains in Anther
1) For the plant to reproduce it needs to produce, Pollen Grains(Male) and Ovules(female). 2) Anther has four pollen sacs 3) Each pollen sac, contains hundreds of diploid cells (pollen mother cell) 4) Pollen mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce four haploids’ microspores 5) Microspore performs mitosis to form two types of nuclei, tube nucleus and generative nucleus 6) Microspores develop into pollen grains.
42
Formation of embryo sac in ovule
1) Ovule develops from the tissue in the ovary of a flower 2) Embryo sac mother cell undergoes miosis and forms 4 haploid megaspores 3) Only one megaspore survives. 4) The surviving/functional megaspore enlarges many times, filling the ovule 5) The nucleus of the megaspore undergoes 3 mitotic divisions to form 8 haploid nuclei 6) 3 of the 8 migrate to one end forming antipodal cells. 7) 2 move to the center to form polar nuclei 8) 3 Nuclei at the other end, form an egg cell clamped by 2 synergid cells 9) This structure formed is called embryo sac.
43
Double Fertilization is
- Process of fertilization that happens twice in flowering plants
44
What is formed first time of double fertilization
Diploid Zygote
45
What is formed second time of double fertilization
Triploid nucleus
46
Fertilized ovule develops into : Zygote becomes:
Seed ; Embryo
47
Integuments become
Seed Coat
48
Ovary become : Ovary wall become
Fruit ; Fruitwall
49
Process of double fertilization in flowering plants
1) Pollen grains transferred by pollinating agents to stigmas of the flower 2) Stigma has sticky sugar solution 3) Pollen grains stick onto the sticky solution, so they don’t fall off or get blown away. 4) Sugars in the stigma stimulate pollen grain to germinate and form the pollen tube 5) Pollen tube grows into the style towards the ovule 6) At the same time, generative nucleus divides by mitosis into two male gamete nuclei 7) Tube nucleus leads the male nuclei to move down the pollen tube 8) When the pollen tube reaches the ovary, it penetrates the ovule through the micropyle 9) Tube nucleus disintegrates, leaving a clear passage for the male nuclei to enter embryo sac 10) One Male Nuclei fuses with egg cell to form diploid zygote 11) Other male nucleus moves further in to fuse with the other two polar nuclei forming a triploid nucleus 12) The Triploid nucleus divides to form a special nutritive tissue called endosperm 13) Zygote divides and grows into an embryo 14) The outer layer of ovule loses moisture and develops hard seed coat 15) The seed coat protects the embryo and its endosperm
50
What is metagenesis
reproduction cycle of an organism that alternates between sexual and asexual generations
51
Types of plants showing metagenesis : (3)
Bryophyta, pteridophyte, Gymnospermae
52
- Sporophyte reproduces by
asexual method through spores (diploid)
53
- Gametophyte reproduces by
the sexual method through gametes (haploid)
54
Gametophyte gives life to ... Sporophyte gives life to
- Gametophyte gives life to sporophyte and sporophyte gives life to the gametophyte
55
The alteration of Gametophyte gives life to sporophyte and sporophyte gives life to the gametophyte is called
Alteration of generations
56
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Biology - Inheritance (8 decks)

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