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Biology - Inheritance > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many histones in Nucleosome

A

8 Histones

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2
Q

What is Conformation

A

Shape of DNA

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3
Q

Cell State when Division

A

Metaphase chromosome

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4
Q

Cell State in No Division

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

Size of Nucleosome

A

10nm

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6
Q

Size of DNA

A

2nm

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7
Q

Why DNA is not One Strand

A

One strand is unstable

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8
Q

Size of chromatin domain

A

300nm

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9
Q

Size of metaphase chromosome

A

1400nm

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10
Q

What does Omnis cellula e Cellula mean

A

A cell comes from a cell

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11
Q

How many chromosome in Human Nucleus

A

46 chromosomes

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12
Q

46 chromosomes comes from

A

23 egg and 23 sperm

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13
Q

A complete set of chromosome is called

A

Ploidy

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14
Q

2n is called

A

Somatic cells

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15
Q

n is called

A

Gamete

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16
Q

What is hiploid cell

A

2n

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17
Q

Haploid cell is

A

1n

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18
Q

What is inside interphase

A

Gap 1, Synthesis and Gap 2

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19
Q

Cell division is called

A

Mitotic Phase

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20
Q

Mitotic phase stands of

A

Prophase - Prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis

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21
Q

What happens in prophase
Mention 4

A

Nuclear envelope dissolved
Centrofome is formed
Spindle fibre is created
Aster is formed

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22
Q

What is Aster

A

Hairy like structure surrounding centrofome

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23
Q

What happens in prometaphase

A

Spindle fibre becomes kinetochore

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24
Q

Kinetochore is…

A

Spindle fibers going inside the nucleotide

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25
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

Chromosomes moves to metaphase plate

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26
Q

What happens in anaphase
Mention 3

A

Kinetocore shortens
Non Kinetocore lengthen
Chromosomes splits into two

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27
Q

What happens in telophase
Mention 3

A

Chromatid turns to chromatin
Nucleoli and nuclear membrane reappears
Spindle fibre gets depolymerized

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28
Q

When does cytokinesis happen

A

A bit after telophase

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29
Q

What happens in cytokinesis

A

Splitting the content of cytoplasm

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30
Q

Difference of cytokinesis in animal and plants in process

A

In Animal : Cleavage Formed and pinch from two directions (Cleavage Furrow)

In Plants : Cell plate formed from cell wall to split cell

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31
Q

Difference of Cytokinesis in Animal and plants

A

In Animal: Two daughter cells are exactly the same

In plants: Two daughter have same genetic materials

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32
Q

In Mitotic phase it happens only for … cells

A

Somatic Cell

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33
Q

Objective of Gap 1

A

To Complete a Cell

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34
Q

Objective of Synthesis

A

DNA Replication

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35
Q

Objective of Gap 2

A

Checking if everything ready for cell Division

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36
Q

How many stages does Meiosis have

A

2

37
Q

How many daughter cells resulted in Meiosis?Are they similar or distinct? How are they similar or distinct?

A

4, distinct, genetically

38
Q

Meiosis happens only to… cells

A

Gamete

39
Q

Meiosis is also known as ….

A

Reduction Division

40
Q

Phases of Meiosis I

A

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Cytokinesis I

41
Q

Phases of Meiosis I

A

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Cytokinesis I

42
Q

Phases of Meiosis II

A

Prophase II
Prometaphase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis II

43
Q

Meiosis II is similar to…

A

Mitosis

44
Q

Prophase I contains…… (Chromosomes)

A

Identical chromosomes/homologus chromosomes

45
Q

Physical Connection between chromosomes in Prophase is called

A

Chiasmata

46
Q

Genetic Information swapping in Prophase I is called

A

Crossing over

47
Q

What is Synapsis

A

Process of forming Chiasmata

48
Q

What Happens in Metaphase I
Mention 2

A

Homologous Chromosomes align themselves at the metaphase plate
Chromosomes attract themselves to spindle fiber

49
Q

What Happens in Anaphase I

A

Homologous chromosome gets pulled

50
Q

What Happens in Anaphase I

A

Homologous chromosome gets pulled

51
Q

What results of the pulling in Anaphase I

A

Full Chromosome

52
Q

What results of the pulling in Anaphase I

A

Full Chromosome

53
Q

What happens in Telophase I

A
54
Q

What happens in Telophase I

A
  • Chromatid turns into chromatin
  • Nucleoli and Nuclear Membrane will appear again
  • Spindle Fiber will be depolymerized
55
Q

In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Prophase

A

46 Chromosome - 92 Chromatid

56
Q

In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in S-Phase

A

46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

57
Q

In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Prometaphase

A

46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

58
Q

In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Anaphase

A

92 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

59
Q

In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Metaphase

A

46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

60
Q

In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Metaphase

A

46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

61
Q

In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Telophase

A

92 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

62
Q

In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in End Result Phase

A

46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

63
Q

In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in S Phase

A

46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

64
Q

In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Telophase

A

46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

65
Q

In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Anaphase

A

46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

66
Q

In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Prometaphase

A

46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

67
Q

In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Metaphase

A

46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

68
Q

In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Prophase

A

46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid

69
Q

In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Endphase

A

23 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

70
Q

In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Prophase

A

23 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

71
Q

In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Metaphase

A

23 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

72
Q

In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Prometaphase

A

23 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

73
Q

In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Telophase

A

46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

74
Q

In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Anaphase

A

46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

74
Q

In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Anaphase

A

46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid

75
Q

In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Endphase

A

23 Chromosome and 23 Chromatid

76
Q

The 2 Hypothesis in Early Years of Genetics

A
  • Blending Hypothesis
    -Particulate Hypothesis
77
Q

Blending Hypothesis refers to genetics like….

A

Colors

78
Q

In blending Hypothesis, Parental traits….

A

Disappear over time

79
Q

The disappearing parental traits in the Blending Hypothesis causes

A

Final result to be uniform

80
Q

In the Particulate Hypothesis, traits may…

A

Reappear after few generations

81
Q

Who Supported Particulate Hypothesis

A

Gregor mendel

82
Q

Gregor Mendel used peas because

A

o Short generation time
o Many offspring at once
o Controllable mating

83
Q

Mendel 4 Concepts are

A

I. Alleles account for variation in inherited characteristics
II. For Each characteristic, an organism will have 2 copies of Alleles
III. If two alleles at a locus, the dominant one will determine the appearance of the trait while the recessive one will have no noticeable effects on the appearance of the trait
IV. The 2 alleles segregate during gamete formation and end in different gamete

84
Q

IV. The 2 alleles segregate during gamete formation and end in different gamete

This Statement is also knew as

A

The Law of Segregation

85
Q

Alleles are

A

Variation of genes at a particular locus(location)

86
Q

Genes are

A

Sequence of nucleotides at a specific location in a chromosome that will determine the phenotypic traits by producing protein

87
Q

The 2 Types of Alleles are

A
  • True Breeding (Homologous) – AA / aa
  • Hybrid (Heterologous) – Aa / aA
88
Q

Dominant Allele is written in… While Recessive Allele is written in

A

Dominant Allele – Written in Capital A
Recessive Allele – Written in lowercase a

Biology - Inheritance (8 decks)

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