DNA Flashcards
1
Q
How many histones in Nucleosome
A
8 Histones
2
Q
What is Conformation
A
Shape of DNA
3
Q
Cell State when Division
A
Metaphase chromosome
4
Q
Cell State in No Division
A
Chromatin
5
Q
Size of Nucleosome
A
10nm
6
Q
Size of DNA
A
2nm
7
Q
Why DNA is not One Strand
A
One strand is unstable
8
Q
Size of chromatin domain
A
300nm
9
Q
Size of metaphase chromosome
A
1400nm
10
Q
What does Omnis cellula e Cellula mean
A
A cell comes from a cell
11
Q
How many chromosome in Human Nucleus
A
46 chromosomes
12
Q
46 chromosomes comes from
A
23 egg and 23 sperm
13
Q
A complete set of chromosome is called
A
Ploidy
14
Q
2n is called
A
Somatic cells
15
Q
n is called
A
Gamete
16
Q
What is hiploid cell
A
2n
17
Q
Haploid cell is
A
1n
18
Q
What is inside interphase
A
Gap 1, Synthesis and Gap 2
19
Q
Cell division is called
A
Mitotic Phase
20
Q
Mitotic phase stands of
A
Prophase - Prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis
21
Q
What happens in prophase
Mention 4
A
Nuclear envelope dissolved
Centrofome is formed
Spindle fibre is created
Aster is formed
22
Q
What is Aster
A
Hairy like structure surrounding centrofome
23
Q
What happens in prometaphase
A
Spindle fibre becomes kinetochore
24
Q
Kinetochore is…
A
Spindle fibers going inside the nucleotide
25
What happens in metaphase
Chromosomes moves to metaphase plate
26
What happens in anaphase
Mention 3
Kinetocore shortens
Non Kinetocore lengthen
Chromosomes splits into two
27
What happens in telophase
Mention 3
Chromatid turns to chromatin
Nucleoli and nuclear membrane reappears
Spindle fibre gets depolymerized
28
When does cytokinesis happen
A bit after telophase
29
What happens in cytokinesis
Splitting the content of cytoplasm
30
Difference of cytokinesis in animal and plants in process
In Animal : Cleavage Formed and pinch from two directions (Cleavage Furrow)
In Plants : Cell plate formed from cell wall to split cell
31
Difference of Cytokinesis in Animal and plants
In Animal: Two daughter cells are exactly the same
In plants: Two daughter have same genetic materials
32
In Mitotic phase it happens only for … cells
Somatic Cell
33
Objective of Gap 1
To Complete a Cell
34
Objective of Synthesis
DNA Replication
35
Objective of Gap 2
Checking if everything ready for cell Division
36
How many stages does Meiosis have
2
37
How many daughter cells resulted in Meiosis?Are they similar or distinct? How are they similar or distinct?
4, distinct, genetically
38
Meiosis happens only to... cells
Gamete
39
Meiosis is also known as ....
Reduction Division
40
Phases of Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Cytokinesis I
41
Phases of Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Cytokinesis I
42
Phases of Meiosis II
Prophase II
Prometaphase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis II
43
Meiosis II is similar to...
Mitosis
44
Prophase I contains...... (Chromosomes)
Identical chromosomes/homologus chromosomes
45
Physical Connection between chromosomes in Prophase is called
Chiasmata
46
Genetic Information swapping in Prophase I is called
Crossing over
47
What is Synapsis
Process of forming Chiasmata
48
What Happens in Metaphase I
Mention 2
Homologous Chromosomes align themselves at the metaphase plate
Chromosomes attract themselves to spindle fiber
49
What Happens in Anaphase I
Homologous chromosome gets pulled
50
What Happens in Anaphase I
Homologous chromosome gets pulled
51
What results of the pulling in Anaphase I
Full Chromosome
52
What results of the pulling in Anaphase I
Full Chromosome
53
What happens in Telophase I
54
What happens in Telophase I
- Chromatid turns into chromatin
- Nucleoli and Nuclear Membrane will appear again
- Spindle Fiber will be depolymerized
55
In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Prophase
46 Chromosome - 92 Chromatid
56
In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in S-Phase
46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
57
In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Prometaphase
46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
58
In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Anaphase
92 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
59
In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Metaphase
46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
60
In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Metaphase
46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
61
In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in Telophase
92 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
62
In Mitosis How many Chromosome and Chromatid in End Result Phase
46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
63
In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in S Phase
46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
64
In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Telophase
46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
65
In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Anaphase
46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
66
In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Prometaphase
46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
67
In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Metaphase
46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
68
In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Prophase
46 Chromosome and 92 Chromatid
69
In Meiosis I How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Endphase
23 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
70
In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Prophase
23 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
71
In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Metaphase
23 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
72
In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Prometaphase
23 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
73
In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Telophase
46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
74
In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Anaphase
46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
74
In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Anaphase
46 Chromosome and 46 Chromatid
75
In Meiosis II How many Chromosomes and Chromatid in Endphase
23 Chromosome and 23 Chromatid
76
The 2 Hypothesis in Early Years of Genetics
- Blending Hypothesis
-Particulate Hypothesis
77
Blending Hypothesis refers to genetics like....
Colors
78
In blending Hypothesis, Parental traits....
Disappear over time
79
The disappearing parental traits in the Blending Hypothesis causes
Final result to be uniform
80
In the Particulate Hypothesis, traits may...
Reappear after few generations
81
Who Supported Particulate Hypothesis
Gregor mendel
82
Gregor Mendel used peas because
o Short generation time
o Many offspring at once
o Controllable mating
83
Mendel 4 Concepts are
I. Alleles account for variation in inherited characteristics
II. For Each characteristic, an organism will have 2 copies of Alleles
III. If two alleles at a locus, the dominant one will determine the appearance of the trait while the recessive one will have no noticeable effects on the appearance of the trait
IV. The 2 alleles segregate during gamete formation and end in different gamete
84
IV. The 2 alleles segregate during gamete formation and end in different gamete
This Statement is also knew as
The Law of Segregation
85
Alleles are
Variation of genes at a particular locus(location)
86
Genes are
Sequence of nucleotides at a specific location in a chromosome that will determine the phenotypic traits by producing protein
87
The 2 Types of Alleles are
- True Breeding (Homologous) – AA / aa
- Hybrid (Heterologous) – Aa / aA
88
Dominant Allele is written in... While Recessive Allele is written in
Dominant Allele – Written in Capital A
Recessive Allele – Written in lowercase a
