Reproduction In Humans

Question 1

2 advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 1

1) animals which don’t move around or live in isolation don’t need to search for a mate in order to produce offspring

2) a parent plant with beneficial traits will be able to pass them on to the offspring

Question 2

2 advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Genetic variability of the species is increased

Species is more likely to be able to adapt to the environment

Question 3

2 disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

If the environment is changing, the offspring might struggle to survive

If the parent is of poor quality, the offspring will also be of that poor quality

Question 4

2 disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 4

A lot of time and energy is spent seeking a mate
Few offspring may be produced

Question 5

In males the gametes are called

Answer 5

Sperms or spermatozoa

Question 6

In females the gametes are called

Answer 6

Ova or eggs

Question 7

Function of the acrosome

Answer 7

contains enzymes that break down the outer membrane of an egg cell, allowing the sperm to fertilize the egg.

Question 8

Function of the middle piece of sperm cell

Answer 8

Provides energy for the sperm to move

Question 9

The fluids from the Cowper’s gland mix with sperm to form

Answer 9

Semen

Question 10

During puberty, what is released because of the pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Testosterone and oestrogen

Question 11

Another name for the uterine lining

Answer 11

Endometrium

Question 12

What sex hormones do the ovaries secrete

Answer 12

Oestrogen
Progesterone

Question 13

What part of the female reproductive system is richly supplied with blood vessels

Answer 13

Endometrium (uterine lining)

Question 14

What are the tiny hairs lining the walls of the oviduct called?

Answer 14

Cilia

Question 15

Functions of the vagina

Answer 15

Acts as a passage for menstruation to occur
Receives sperm deposited by the penis
Pathway for childbirth

Question 16

The average length of a menstrual cycle

Answer 16

28 days

Question 17

The first menstrual cycle is called

Answer 17

The menarche

Question 18

Describe the menstrual cycle

Answer 18

Before ovulation, the lining of the uterus wall thickens in readiness to receive an egg from the ovary

After ovulation the lining gets very thick. If fertilisation doesn’t take place, the lining breaks down and blood flows from the vagina

Question 19

What days do oestrogen levels rise then drop

Answer 19

Rise on day 4
Drop between day 12 and 14

Question 20

What days do progesterone levels rise then drop

Answer 20

Rise on day 14
Drop on day 24

Question 21

Events of the menstrual cycle

Answer 21

Day 1-5: menstruation
Day 6-10: the immature follicles in the ovary are stimulated by the FSH from the pituitary gland to grow. The follicles secrete oestrogen.
Day 11-17: ovulation occurs on day 14.
Day 18-28: if no fertilization occurs, the egg breaks down. When this happens, progesterone production stops

Question 22

The sperm swims through what to get to the oviduct?

Answer 22

From the top of the vagina through the cervix and uterus

Question 23

Sperm swims through the uterus into the…

Answer 23

Fallopian tube

Question 24

Describe fertilization

Answer 24

Only 1 sperm is able to fertilize an egg. As soon as one sperm has penetrated the ovum a special skin forms around it to keep out other sperm. Inside the ovum the sperm’s nucleus fuses with the ovum’s nucleus.

Question 25

Development of the embryo

Answer 25

During the growth of an embryo, amnion develops around it. The membrane secretes amniotic fluid.

After 8 weeks, the embryo undergoes significant tissue and organ formation, making the embryo appear human.

Question 26

Functions of the amniotic fluid

Answer 26

Supports and cushions the foetus before birth
Acts as shock absorber
Protects foetus from mechanical injury

Question 27

Placenta functions

Answer 27

Prevent the passage of drugs and chemicals from maternal blood to foetal blood

Protect progesterone to maintain the thickness of the uterine lining

Question 28

Functions of the umbilical cord

Answer 28

Carries deoxygenated blood containing waste products from the foetus to the mother

Carries oxygenated blood containing nutrients from the mother to the foetus

Question 29

When it’s time for labour, what hormone is released?what does it cause?

Answer 29

Oxytocin
Causes powerful rhythmic contractions in the uterus