Respiration Flashcards
Define respiration
The process by which energy is released from food by all living cells
2 types of respiration
Aerobic and anaerobic
What do ATP and ADP mean?
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate
Distinguish between respiration and breathing
Breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling air, while respiration is the process that occurs within cells to produce energy in the presence of oxygen.
Describe aerobic respiration
It uses oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. It always produces CO2, H2O and about 38 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose
Formula for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Involvement of enzymes in releasing energy as ATP
Respiration is catalysed by enzymes and occurs slowly in a large number of stages. The energy released at each stage is used to build ATP
Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, occurs in the mitochondria, and releases large amounts of energy
Anaerobic respiration doesn’t use oxygen, occurs in the cytoplasm and releases small amounts of energy
2 types of fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactate
Where does alcoholic fermentation occur?
In Certain bacteria, fungi (yeast), some plant cells
Identify characteristics common to gaseous exchange surfaces
Large surface area so large quantities of gases can be exchanged
Thin so that gases can diffuse through them rapidly
Moist so that gases can dissolve before they diffuse through the surface
Rich blood supply to quickly transport gases between the surface
Pathway of air inhaled into lungs
Nostril
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Effects of nicotine addiction
Addictive
Increases risk of a stroke and osteoporosis
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Damage to the lining of the lungs
Effects of marijuana addiction
Lung cancer
Acute chest illness
Obstruction of airways
