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LPM-101 > Reproduction In FA & P > Flashcards

Reproduction In FA & P Flashcards

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1
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Reproduction refers to the propagation of species through the production of young ones.

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2
Q

What are the components of the male reproductive system?

A

The male reproductive system consists of testis, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis, and accessory sex glands.

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3
Q

What is the function of the testis?

A

The testis produces spermatozoa and secretes testosterone.

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4
Q

What is stored in the epididymis?

A

Spermatozoa are stored in the epididymis.

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5
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens?

A

The vas deferens transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

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6
Q

What are the accessory sex glands?

A

The accessory sex glands are the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland.

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7
Q

What is the role of accessory sex glands?

A

They secrete fluids that nourish and transport sperm.

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8
Q

What are the components of the female reproductive system?

A

The female reproductive system includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, cervix, and vulva.

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9
Q

What are the functions of the ovaries?

A

The ovaries release ova and secrete hormones: estrogen (by follicles) and progesterone (by the corpus luteum).

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10
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

The fallopian tubes are the site of fertilization.

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11
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

The uterus nurtures the developing fetus.

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12
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

The vagina serves as the birth canal and site for copulation.

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13
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A

The cervix acts as a barrier to protect the uterus.

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14
Q

What is puberty?

A

Puberty is when the gonads secrete sufficient hormones to accelerate genital organ growth and develop secondary sexual characteristics.

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15
Q

What is sexual maturity?

A

Sexual maturity is the age at which an animal can reproduce. Females can conceive, and males can successfully mate.

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16
Q

What is the estrous cycle?

A

The estrous cycle is the sexual cycle seen in female animals after puberty.

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17
Q

What are the phases of the estrous cycle?

A

The phases are Proestrus, Estrus, Metestrus, and Diestrus.

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18
Q

What is Proestrus?

A

Proestrus is the phase 2-3 days before estrus.

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19
Q

What is Estrus?

A

Estrus is the heat period when the animal exhibits sexual receptivity, lasting 12-18 hours.

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20
Q

What are symptoms of Estrus?

A

Symptoms include licking, rubbing, mounting, and mucus discharge.

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21
Q

What is Metestrus?

A

Metestrus is the transition phase during which ovulation occurs.

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22
Q

What is Diestrus?

A

Diestrus is the longest phase, lasting up to 15 days.

23
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Ovulation is the release of an ovum from the ovary.

24
Q

What happens to the ovum after ovulation?

A

The ovum reaches the fallopian tube within 1-2 hours.

25
Q

What is fertilization?

A

Fertilization is the union of male and female gametes at the ampullary-isthmus junction, forming a zygote.

26
Q

What is gestation?

A

Gestation is the period between fertilization and parturition.

27
Q

What is parturition?

A

Parturition is the process of giving birth.

28
Q

What are the species-specific terms for parturition?

A

Cattle/Buffalo: Calving, Sheep: Lambing, Goat: Kidding, Pig: Farrowing.

29
Q

What are the methods for pregnancy diagnosis?

A

Methods include absence of estrous cycle, per rectal examination, hormonal estimation, and ultrasonography.

30
Q

What are the species-specific techniques for pregnancy diagnosis?

A

Horses: ECG detection; Dogs: Relaxin hormone estimation from the placenta.

31
Q

What are the age and estrous cycle duration in cattle?

A

Cattle first mate at 18-24 months; the estrous cycle lasts 18-21 days.

32
Q

What is the pregnancy duration in cattle?

A

The pregnancy duration in cattle is 280 days.

33
Q

What are the reproductive characteristics of buffalo?

A

Buffalo females first mate at 2.5 years, and males at 2 years. Estrous cycle is seasonal (summer infertility). Pregnancy duration is 310 days.

34
Q

What is the breeding timing in buffalo?

A

The right time for breeding is the last 8 hours of estrus.

35
Q

What are the reproductive characteristics of goats?

A

Female goats first mate at 12 months; males at 1.5-2 years. Estrous cycle lasts 18-21 days. Pregnancy duration is 150 days.

36
Q

When should goats be bred?

A

Goats should be bred 10-12 hours after the onset of estrus.

37
Q

What are the reproductive characteristics of sheep?

A

Female sheep first mate at 12-15 months; males at 12 months. Estrous cycle lasts 17 days. Pregnancy duration is 148 days.

38
Q

What is the breeding timing in sheep?

A

Sheep should be bred in the last 12 hours of estrus.

39
Q

What are the reproductive characteristics of pigs?

A

Female pigs first mate at 8 months; males at 9 months. Estrous cycle lasts 21 days. Pregnancy duration is 119 days.

40
Q

What is special about ovulation in pigs?

A

Pigs exhibit double ovulation to ensure all eggs are fertilized.

41
Q

What is the gestation period of pigs?

A

The gestation period of pigs is 119 days.

42
Q

What are the reproductive characteristics of poultry?

A

Poultry have only a functional left ovary, and the incubation period is 21 days.

43
Q

What are the parts of the poultry oviduct?

A

The parts are infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina.

44
Q

What is the function of the infundibulum in poultry?

A

The infundibulum captures the ovum and is the site of fertilization.

45
Q

What is the function of the magnum in poultry?

A

The magnum secretes albumin (egg white).

46
Q

What is the function of the isthmus in poultry?

A

The isthmus forms the connective membrane.

47
Q

What is the function of the uterus in poultry?

A

The uterus secretes the shell.

48
Q

What is the function of the vagina in poultry?

A

The vagina holds the egg until it is laid.

49
Q

What is the male-to-female ratio in poultry?

A

The recommended ratio is 1 male to 7 females.

50
Q

What is artificial insemination in poultry?

A

Artificial insemination is a common method to ensure high fertility in commercial breeding.

51
Q

How long can sperm survive in poultry?

A

Sperm can survive 6-7 days in the female reproductive tract.

52
Q

What is the double artificial insemination method in poultry?

A

Double artificial insemination ensures all eggs are fertilized efficiently.

53
Q

What is special about pigs regarding litter size?

A

Pigs can have 8-15 babies per litter and have 10-12 pairs of teats.

LPM-101 (5 decks)

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