Reproduction In FA & P Flashcards
What is reproduction?
Reproduction refers to the propagation of species through the production of young ones.
What are the components of the male reproductive system?
The male reproductive system consists of testis, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis, and accessory sex glands.
What is the function of the testis?
The testis produces spermatozoa and secretes testosterone.
What is stored in the epididymis?
Spermatozoa are stored in the epididymis.
What is the function of the vas deferens?
The vas deferens transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
What are the accessory sex glands?
The accessory sex glands are the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland.
What is the role of accessory sex glands?
They secrete fluids that nourish and transport sperm.
What are the components of the female reproductive system?
The female reproductive system includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, cervix, and vulva.
What are the functions of the ovaries?
The ovaries release ova and secrete hormones: estrogen (by follicles) and progesterone (by the corpus luteum).
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
The fallopian tubes are the site of fertilization.
What is the function of the uterus?
The uterus nurtures the developing fetus.
What is the function of the vagina?
The vagina serves as the birth canal and site for copulation.
What is the function of the cervix?
The cervix acts as a barrier to protect the uterus.
What is puberty?
Puberty is when the gonads secrete sufficient hormones to accelerate genital organ growth and develop secondary sexual characteristics.
What is sexual maturity?
Sexual maturity is the age at which an animal can reproduce. Females can conceive, and males can successfully mate.
What is the estrous cycle?
The estrous cycle is the sexual cycle seen in female animals after puberty.
What are the phases of the estrous cycle?
The phases are Proestrus, Estrus, Metestrus, and Diestrus.
What is Proestrus?
Proestrus is the phase 2-3 days before estrus.
What is Estrus?
Estrus is the heat period when the animal exhibits sexual receptivity, lasting 12-18 hours.
What are symptoms of Estrus?
Symptoms include licking, rubbing, mounting, and mucus discharge.
What is Metestrus?
Metestrus is the transition phase during which ovulation occurs.
What is Diestrus?
Diestrus is the longest phase, lasting up to 15 days.
What is ovulation?
Ovulation is the release of an ovum from the ovary.
What happens to the ovum after ovulation?
The ovum reaches the fallopian tube within 1-2 hours.
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is the union of male and female gametes at the ampullary-isthmus junction, forming a zygote.
What is gestation?
Gestation is the period between fertilization and parturition.
What is parturition?
Parturition is the process of giving birth.
What are the species-specific terms for parturition?
Cattle/Buffalo: Calving, Sheep: Lambing, Goat: Kidding, Pig: Farrowing.
What are the methods for pregnancy diagnosis?
Methods include absence of estrous cycle, per rectal examination, hormonal estimation, and ultrasonography.
What are the species-specific techniques for pregnancy diagnosis?
Horses: ECG detection; Dogs: Relaxin hormone estimation from the placenta.
What are the age and estrous cycle duration in cattle?
Cattle first mate at 18-24 months; the estrous cycle lasts 18-21 days.
What is the pregnancy duration in cattle?
The pregnancy duration in cattle is 280 days.
What are the reproductive characteristics of buffalo?
Buffalo females first mate at 2.5 years, and males at 2 years. Estrous cycle is seasonal (summer infertility). Pregnancy duration is 310 days.
What is the breeding timing in buffalo?
The right time for breeding is the last 8 hours of estrus.
What are the reproductive characteristics of goats?
Female goats first mate at 12 months; males at 1.5-2 years. Estrous cycle lasts 18-21 days. Pregnancy duration is 150 days.
When should goats be bred?
Goats should be bred 10-12 hours after the onset of estrus.
What are the reproductive characteristics of sheep?
Female sheep first mate at 12-15 months; males at 12 months. Estrous cycle lasts 17 days. Pregnancy duration is 148 days.
What is the breeding timing in sheep?
Sheep should be bred in the last 12 hours of estrus.
What are the reproductive characteristics of pigs?
Female pigs first mate at 8 months; males at 9 months. Estrous cycle lasts 21 days. Pregnancy duration is 119 days.
What is special about ovulation in pigs?
Pigs exhibit double ovulation to ensure all eggs are fertilized.
What is the gestation period of pigs?
The gestation period of pigs is 119 days.
What are the reproductive characteristics of poultry?
Poultry have only a functional left ovary, and the incubation period is 21 days.
What are the parts of the poultry oviduct?
The parts are infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina.
What is the function of the infundibulum in poultry?
The infundibulum captures the ovum and is the site of fertilization.
What is the function of the magnum in poultry?
The magnum secretes albumin (egg white).
What is the function of the isthmus in poultry?
The isthmus forms the connective membrane.
What is the function of the uterus in poultry?
The uterus secretes the shell.
What is the function of the vagina in poultry?
The vagina holds the egg until it is laid.
What is the male-to-female ratio in poultry?
The recommended ratio is 1 male to 7 females.
What is artificial insemination in poultry?
Artificial insemination is a common method to ensure high fertility in commercial breeding.
How long can sperm survive in poultry?
Sperm can survive 6-7 days in the female reproductive tract.
What is the double artificial insemination method in poultry?
Double artificial insemination ensures all eggs are fertilized efficiently.
What is special about pigs regarding litter size?
Pigs can have 8-15 babies per litter and have 10-12 pairs of teats.
