Nutrient And The Function Flashcards
What are nutrients?
Organic and inorganic chemical substances required for maintenance, growth, and production.
What are the six groups of nutrients?
Water, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Minerals, and Vitamins.
What are organic nutrients?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, and Vitamins.
What are inorganic nutrients?
Minerals and Water.
What are carbohydrates?
Polyhydroxy aldehydes, ketones, or acids composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
What is the empirical formula for carbohydrates?
Cn(H2O)n, e.g., Glucose (C6H12O6).
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars containing one glucose unit, e.g., Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.
What are disaccharides?
Sugars containing two glucose units, e.g., Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose.
What are polysaccharides?
Sugars with more than 10 glucose units, e.g., Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
Provide energy to animals.
How are excess carbohydrates stored in the body?
Converted to fat and stored as reserve energy.
What are the chief sources of carbohydrates?
Cereal grains, pulses, straw, hay, grass, crop residues.
What are proteins?
Complex nitrogenous compounds made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
What are amino acids?
Building blocks of proteins containing -COOH and -NH2 groups.
Name three essential amino acids.
Methionine, Phenylalanine, Valine.
Name three non-essential amino acids.
Glycine, Serine, Alanine.
What are simple proteins?
Proteins composed only of amino acids, e.g., Albumin, Globulin.
What are conjugate proteins?
Proteins with a protein and non-protein part, e.g., Hemoglobin.
What are the primary functions of proteins?
Build body tissues, form enzymes, regulate osmotic pressure, and aid in cell repair.
What are the chief sources of proteins?
Oil cakes, fish meal, pulses, beans, lentils.