Classification Of Feed Stuff

Question 1

What are the characteristics of concentrates?

Answer 1

Concentrates supply higher levels of major nutrients, contain < 18% crude fibre, and have > 60% TDN.

Question 2

What are the types of concentrates?

Answer 2

Protein-rich concentrates (> 18% protein) and Energy-rich concentrates (< 18% protein).

Question 3

What are roughages?

Answer 3

Roughages are feedstuffs with > 18% crude fibre, < 60% TDN, and include dry and succulent roughages.

Question 4

How are roughages classified based on moisture content?

Answer 4

Dry roughages have < 10-15% moisture, while succulent roughages have > 80% moisture.

Question 5

What are maintenance-type roughages?

Answer 5

Roughages with 3-5% DCP on a dry matter basis (e.g., cereal fodder and grasses).

Question 6

What are productive-type roughages?

Answer 6

Roughages with > 5% DCP on a dry matter basis (e.g., leguminous fodders).

Question 7

What are non-maintenance type roughages?

Answer 7

Roughages with < 3% DCP on a dry matter basis (e.g., straws and stovers).

Question 8

What are carbonaceous concentrates?

Answer 8

Concentrates rich in energy, low in protein (< 20% CP), e.g., cereals like maize, barley, and wheat.

Question 9

What are proteinaceous concentrates?

Answer 9

Concentrates with high DCP (> 20% CP), e.g., oilseed meals and animal protein supplements.

Question 10

What are intermediate concentrates?

Answer 10

Concentrates with moderate energy and protein (e.g., brans, husks, and chunies).

Question 11

What is maize’s nutritional value?

Answer 11

Maize has high TDN (85%), 8-13% crude protein, and is prone to aflatoxin if improperly stored.

Question 12

What are the characteristics of barley?

Answer 12

Barley has 6-14% crude protein, high fibre, low lysine, and is good for fattening pigs.

Question 13

What is the nutritive value of oats?

Answer 13

Oats have 12-16% crude fibre, 7-15% crude protein, and are deficient in methionine and histidine.

Question 14

What is the significance of wheat in animal feed?

Answer 14

Wheat has 6-12% crude protein but finely milled wheat can cause digestive issues.

Question 15

What is the nutritional value of rice?

Answer 15

Rice has crude protein and energy values comparable to maize and is primarily used for human consumption.

Question 16

What is rye used for in feed?

Answer 16

Rye is similar to wheat in composition, least palatable, and prone to ergot infestation.

Question 17

What are millets?

Answer 17

Millets are cereals with high fibre, small grains, and are mostly grown in tropical regions (e.g., sorghum, bajra).

Question 18

What are the characteristics of sorghum?

Answer 18

Sorghum is similar to maize in composition, higher in protein, and fed as cracked or ground grains.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of bajra?

Answer 19

Bajra is similar to sorghum, contains 8-12% crude protein, and seeds need to be ground before feeding.

Question 20

What is rice bran?

Answer 20

Rice bran contains 12-14% protein, 11-18% oil, and can become rancid due to unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 21

What is wheat bran?

Answer 21

Wheat bran is a fibrous byproduct, laxative when mashed, and suitable for horses and cattle.

Question 22

What is molasses?

Answer 22

Molasses is an energy-rich byproduct used as a binder in feed, reducing dustiness, and improving palatability.

Question 23

What is Groundnut Cake (GNC)?

Answer 23

GNC contains 45% protein, is deficient in lysine and methionine, and is a good source of Vitamin B12.

Question 24

What is soybean meal (SBM)?

Answer 24

SBM contains 44% protein, has anti-nutritional factors like trypsin inhibitors, and requires heat treatment.

Question 25

What is safflower meal?

Answer 25

Safflower meal contains 40-45% protein with 10% fibre and is low in lysine and methionine.

Question 26

What is sunflower cake?

Answer 26

Sunflower cake contains 40% protein, low lysine, and twice the methionine content of soybean protein.

Question 27

What is cottonseed meal?

Answer 27

Cottonseed meal has good protein quality, low lysine, and gossypol toxicity unsuitable for pigs and poultry.

Question 28

What is linseed meal?

Answer 28

Linseed meal contains moderate protein, low lysine, and produces HCN when combined with linamarin.

Question 29

What is mustard oil cake?

Answer 29

Mustard oil cake has 27% DCP and 74% TDN, making it a high-quality protein source.

Question 30

What is fish meal used for?

Answer 30

Fish meal is used to supply 45% DCP and 65% TDN, compensating for essential amino acid deficiencies.

Question 31

What is soilage?

Answer 31

Soilage is freshly cut forage fed directly to animals in their stalls.

Question 32

What is the difference between legumes and non-legumes?

Answer 32

Legumes are dicot plants that fix nitrogen, while non-legumes are monocots with fibrous roots.

Question 33

What is forage?

Answer 33

Forage includes wild or cultivated green plants used for feeding livestock.

Question 34

What are the examples of animal protein feeds?

Answer 34

Examples include fish meal, meat meal, blood meal, feather meal, and poultry waste products.

Question 35

What is corn gluten?

Answer 35

Corn gluten is a byproduct after starch extraction, unsuitable for non-ruminants due to poor quality protein.

Question 36

What is silage?

Answer 36

Silage is a succulent feed made by fermenting green forage under anaerobic conditions.

Question 37

What are hulls?

Answer 37

Hulls are the outer covering of seeds like cottonseeds and beans, rich in crude fibre.

Question 38

What is the importance of molasses?

Answer 38

Molasses reduces ration dustiness, acts as a binder in pellets, and is a good source of energy.