Classification Of Feed Stuff Flashcards
What are the characteristics of concentrates?
Concentrates supply higher levels of major nutrients, contain < 18% crude fibre, and have > 60% TDN.
What are the types of concentrates?
Protein-rich concentrates (> 18% protein) and Energy-rich concentrates (< 18% protein).
What are roughages?
Roughages are feedstuffs with > 18% crude fibre, < 60% TDN, and include dry and succulent roughages.
How are roughages classified based on moisture content?
Dry roughages have < 10-15% moisture, while succulent roughages have > 80% moisture.
What are maintenance-type roughages?
Roughages with 3-5% DCP on a dry matter basis (e.g., cereal fodder and grasses).
What are productive-type roughages?
Roughages with > 5% DCP on a dry matter basis (e.g., leguminous fodders).
What are non-maintenance type roughages?
Roughages with < 3% DCP on a dry matter basis (e.g., straws and stovers).
What are carbonaceous concentrates?
Concentrates rich in energy, low in protein (< 20% CP), e.g., cereals like maize, barley, and wheat.
What are proteinaceous concentrates?
Concentrates with high DCP (> 20% CP), e.g., oilseed meals and animal protein supplements.
What are intermediate concentrates?
Concentrates with moderate energy and protein (e.g., brans, husks, and chunies).
What is maize’s nutritional value?
Maize has high TDN (85%), 8-13% crude protein, and is prone to aflatoxin if improperly stored.
What are the characteristics of barley?
Barley has 6-14% crude protein, high fibre, low lysine, and is good for fattening pigs.
What is the nutritive value of oats?
Oats have 12-16% crude fibre, 7-15% crude protein, and are deficient in methionine and histidine.
What is the significance of wheat in animal feed?
Wheat has 6-12% crude protein but finely milled wheat can cause digestive issues.
What is the nutritional value of rice?
Rice has crude protein and energy values comparable to maize and is primarily used for human consumption.
What is rye used for in feed?
Rye is similar to wheat in composition, least palatable, and prone to ergot infestation.
What are millets?
Millets are cereals with high fibre, small grains, and are mostly grown in tropical regions (e.g., sorghum, bajra).
What are the characteristics of sorghum?
Sorghum is similar to maize in composition, higher in protein, and fed as cracked or ground grains.
What are the characteristics of bajra?
Bajra is similar to sorghum, contains 8-12% crude protein, and seeds need to be ground before feeding.
What is rice bran?
Rice bran contains 12-14% protein, 11-18% oil, and can become rancid due to unsaturated fatty acids.
What is wheat bran?
Wheat bran is a fibrous byproduct, laxative when mashed, and suitable for horses and cattle.
What is molasses?
Molasses is an energy-rich byproduct used as a binder in feed, reducing dustiness, and improving palatability.
What is Groundnut Cake (GNC)?
GNC contains 45% protein, is deficient in lysine and methionine, and is a good source of Vitamin B12.
What is soybean meal (SBM)?
SBM contains 44% protein, has anti-nutritional factors like trypsin inhibitors, and requires heat treatment.
What is safflower meal?
Safflower meal contains 40-45% protein with 10% fibre and is low in lysine and methionine.
What is sunflower cake?
Sunflower cake contains 40% protein, low lysine, and twice the methionine content of soybean protein.
What is cottonseed meal?
Cottonseed meal has good protein quality, low lysine, and gossypol toxicity unsuitable for pigs and poultry.
What is linseed meal?
Linseed meal contains moderate protein, low lysine, and produces HCN when combined with linamarin.
What is mustard oil cake?
Mustard oil cake has 27% DCP and 74% TDN, making it a high-quality protein source.
What is fish meal used for?
Fish meal is used to supply 45% DCP and 65% TDN, compensating for essential amino acid deficiencies.
What is soilage?
Soilage is freshly cut forage fed directly to animals in their stalls.
What is the difference between legumes and non-legumes?
Legumes are dicot plants that fix nitrogen, while non-legumes are monocots with fibrous roots.
What is forage?
Forage includes wild or cultivated green plants used for feeding livestock.
What are the examples of animal protein feeds?
Examples include fish meal, meat meal, blood meal, feather meal, and poultry waste products.
What is corn gluten?
Corn gluten is a byproduct after starch extraction, unsuitable for non-ruminants due to poor quality protein.
What is silage?
Silage is a succulent feed made by fermenting green forage under anaerobic conditions.
What are hulls?
Hulls are the outer covering of seeds like cottonseeds and beans, rich in crude fibre.
What is the importance of molasses?
Molasses reduces ration dustiness, acts as a binder in pellets, and is a good source of energy.
