Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LPM-101 > Proximate Analysis > Flashcards

Proximate Analysis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who devised the Weende System of Proximate Analysis?

A

Wilhelm Henneberg and Friedrich Stohmann.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When and where was the Weende System developed?

A

In 1865 at Weende Experiment Station near the University of Goettingen, Germany.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is another name for the Weende System?

A

Proximate Analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the six groups of nutrients analyzed in the Weende System?

A

Water (Moisture), Ether Extract (Crude Fat), Crude Fibre, Total Ash, Crude Protein, Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is proximate analysis important?

A

It standardizes feed classification, helps assess feed quality, aids diet preparation, and is the foundation for detailed analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who developed the method for crude fibre estimation and when?

A

Henneberg and Stohmann in 1860.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who introduced the crude fat analysis method and when?

A

Soxhlet in 1879.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who introduced the crude protein analysis method and when?

A

Johann Kjeldahl in 1883.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is moisture content in feed determined?

A

By drying the sample in a hot air oven at 100°C until a constant weight is achieved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the significance of moisture content in feed?

A

It determines dry matter, affects storage safety, and helps classify feeds into succulent or non-succulent types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the ideal moisture content for silage?

A

60–65%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the ideal moisture content for hay?

A

Approximately 15%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the ideal moisture content for air-dried feeds?

A

Approximately 10%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What risk is associated with feeds containing more than 14% moisture?

A

Increased risk of bacterial and fungal growth during storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does moisture content affect feed classification?

A

Higher moisture levels classify feeds as succulent; lower moisture levels classify feeds as non-succulent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is crude fibre composed of?

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is crude fibre content determined?

A

By boiling fat-free residue with 1.25% H₂SO₄ and 1.25% NaOH, then drying and igniting the residue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the significance of crude fibre content in feed classification?

A

Feeds with ≥18% CF or >35% cell wall are roughages, and those with <18% CF or <35% cell wall are concentrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is lignin’s role in crude fibre?

A

Lignin is indigestible and reduces the digestibility of cellulose and other carbohydrates.

20
Q

What is total ash in feed?

A

Residue left after burning organic matter.

21
Q

What are the components of total ash?

A

Acid-Soluble Ash (indicates mineral content) and Acid-Insoluble Ash (AIA, indicates silica levels).

22
Q

What is the limitation of analyzing total ash?

A

It does not provide detailed mineral composition.

23
Q

How is crude protein calculated?

A

Nitrogen content × 6.25.

24
Q

How is ether extract (crude fat) determined?

A

By extracting the portion of feed soluble in petroleum ether.

25
Q

What does ether extract represent?

A

Lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.

26
Q

How is nitrogen-free extract (NFE) calculated?

A

NFE = 100 − (Moisture + Crude Fibre + Crude Protein + Crude Fat + Total Ash).

27
Q

What does NFE represent?

A

Digestible carbohydrates, including pentoses, hexoses, starches, and some soluble hemicelluloses.

28
Q

What is a limitation of NFE estimation?

A

NFE is overestimated by ~30% due to inclusion of soluble hemicelluloses and lignin.

29
Q

What are the limitations of crude fibre analysis in the Weende system?

A

Crude fibre is underestimated, and it does not represent a specific chemical group.

30
Q

What are the ideal ranges of NFE in cereals and legumes?

A

Cereals: 60–70%; Legumes: 30–40%.

31
Q

What are the limitations of the Weende System?

A

Overestimates NFE, underestimates crude fibre, excludes vitamins, and does not specify mineral composition in ash.

32
Q

What is the first step in Weende analysis?

A

Measuring moisture content by drying the feed sample.

33
Q

What is dry matter (DM)?

A

The residue left after removing moisture from the feed sample.

34
Q

How is acid-insoluble ash (AIA) significant?

A

High AIA levels indicate poor feed quality or adulteration.

35
Q

What percentage of dry matter (DM) do green fodders typically contain?

A

Green fodders contain 5–20% dry matter.

36
Q

What does the residue left after ether extraction represent?

A

It is used to determine crude fibre content.

37
Q

What is the purpose of igniting feed residue after boiling with acid and alkali?

A

To measure crude fibre content by determining weight loss.

38
Q

What is the foundation of the Weende analysis process?

A

Analyzing feed components as a percentage of weight, commonly on a dry matter basis.

39
Q

What is the primary role of NFE in animal nutrition?

A

To provide energy through easily digestible carbohydrates.

40
Q

What is a common limitation of the ash content measurement in the Weende System?

A

It does not specify the chemical composition of the minerals.

41
Q

What was the primary assumption behind dividing crude fibre and NFE?

A

Crude fibre is less digestible, and NFE is more digestible.

42
Q

What are the ideal moisture levels for good-quality silage and hay?

A

Silage: 60–65%; Hay: ~15%.

43
Q

How does the oxidation of macronutrients produce water?

A

1g fat produces 1.07ml, 1g carbohydrate produces 0.6ml, 1g protein produces 0.42ml of metabolic water.

44
Q

What is the importance of metabolic water in desert animals like camels?

A

It can fulfill their total water requirement.

45
Q

What percentage of metabolic water is available in domestic animals?

A

Approximately 5–10%.

LPM-101 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions