reproduction facts Flashcards
defanition of sex
determined by reproductive organs
defanition of gender
determined by how someone identifies as
what is a zygote
single fertilised egg
how does a zygote form
when sperm and egg nucleases both fuse together to make a singular fertilised egg ( zygote)
does the egg or sperm determine if the baby has X or Y chromosomes
sperm
which chromosome number determines the sex
the 23rd chromosome
why do organisim’s need to reproduce
so their breed does not go extinct
function of penis
to place sperm inside vagina during reproduction
function of testicals
produces and stores sperm
function of urethra
carries sperm outside body
function of sperm duct
tube where sperm travels from testical’s to penis
function of vagina
receives sperm during reproduction
function of ovaries
produces egg
function of oviduct
site of fertilisation
function of uterus/ womb
where the baby develops
another name for sex cells such as sperm or egg
gamete
biggest cell in female human body
the egg
how many eggs do woman usually produce
1 or 2 at a time
how many sperm do men usually produce
hundreds of millions
where does the sperm go once in vagina
they swim through cervix , uterus into the oviducts
name the 3 types of assisted fertilisation
IVF ( in vitro fertilisation ) , egg/sperm donor , surrogacy
process of ivf
egg and sperm
cell are artificially
joined outside of
the body
process of sperm/egg donor
Donor provides
sperm or an egg
to a couple who
may suffer from
infertility
problems
process of surrogacy
A woman who
carries a baby
for a couple who
cannot have a
baby themselves
what is the process of the embryo dividing
cleavage
over the next few days the zygote does what?
the zygote moves
down the oviduct towards the uterus.
what happens within the next 1-5 days after reproduction
the zygote divides until several hundred cells
are within the blastocyst. The blastocyst becomes an
embryo and travels along the oviduct and into the
uterus.
what is a blastocyst
early stage of an embryo
what is the uterus wall rich of?
rich of blood vessels
after the embryo implants to the uterus an organ called the _______ is formed
Placenta
the fetus is connected to the placenta by the?
umbilical cord
what is the umbilical cord used for
connects baby to placenta
what fluid is the foetus surrounded by
amniotic fluid
why is the fetus surrounded by the ______ fluid?
it is surrounded by the amniotic fluid in which protects the
baby during development by
cushioning it from impact.
what is the function of the placenta
The placenta separates the mother
and the child’s blood supply but
still allows nutrients , oxygen&wastes to
pass between them.
what can affect the foetus during development?
alcohol , nicotine,drugs
list some disorders the drugs can provide the fetus with
down syndrome , cleft palate , spina bifida , club foot , scoliosis
what pushes the baby out of the vagina during child birth
contractions of the muscles
what breaks when the baby goes into labour
the amniotic sac in which the baby is held in , bursts
what is the name of non identical twins
dizgyote
what are non identical twins formed from
two different zygotes
two different sperm cells fertilise
two different egg cells
do non identical twins share or do not share placenta?
non-identical twins do not share a placenta
what are identical twins formed from
one zygote
one sperm cell fertilises one egg
then the embryo completely splits apart forming two
separate identical embryos.
do identical twins share or do not share placenta
identical twins share a placenta
features of internal fertilisation
-egg and sperm meet inside the body
-only a few eggs are produced
- the youth need a lot of parental care after birth
what species does internal fertlisation usually occur in
mammals , birds & reptiles
features of external fertilisation
- egg and sperm meet outside of body
- requires lots of eggs
- youth get little to no parental care after birth
what does external fertilisation usually occur in
fish & amphibians
features of sexual reproduction
involves 2 parents , offspring are not genetically identical
features of asexual reproduction
involves 1 parent , offspring are genetically identical
examples of organisms that asexually reproduce
yeast(fungus) & spider plant
by asexual reproduction will the offspring be cloned or not
the offspring will be identical
