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biology - reproduction > reproduction facts > Flashcards

reproduction facts Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

defanition of sex

A

determined by reproductive organs

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2
Q

defanition of gender

A

determined by how someone identifies as

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3
Q

what is a zygote

A

single fertilised egg

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4
Q

how does a zygote form

A

when sperm and egg nucleases both fuse together to make a singular fertilised egg ( zygote)

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5
Q

does the egg or sperm determine if the baby has X or Y chromosomes

A

sperm

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6
Q

which chromosome number determines the sex

A

the 23rd chromosome

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7
Q

why do organisim’s need to reproduce

A

so their breed does not go extinct

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8
Q

function of penis

A

to place sperm inside vagina during reproduction

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9
Q

function of testicals

A

produces and stores sperm

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10
Q

function of urethra

A

carries sperm outside body

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11
Q

function of sperm duct

A

tube where sperm travels from testical’s to penis

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12
Q

function of vagina

A

receives sperm during reproduction

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13
Q

function of ovaries

A

produces egg

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14
Q

function of oviduct

A

site of fertilisation

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15
Q

function of uterus/ womb

A

where the baby develops

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16
Q

another name for sex cells such as sperm or egg

A

gamete

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17
Q

biggest cell in female human body

A

the egg

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18
Q

how many eggs do woman usually produce

A

1 or 2 at a time

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19
Q

how many sperm do men usually produce

A

hundreds of millions

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20
Q

where does the sperm go once in vagina

A

they swim through cervix , uterus into the oviducts

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21
Q

name the 3 types of assisted fertilisation

A

IVF ( in vitro fertilisation ) , egg/sperm donor , surrogacy

22
Q

process of ivf

A

egg and sperm
cell are artificially
joined outside of
the body

23
Q

process of sperm/egg donor

A

Donor provides
sperm or an egg
to a couple who
may suffer from
infertility
problems

24
Q

process of surrogacy

A

A woman who
carries a baby
for a couple who
cannot have a
baby themselves

25
Q

what is the process of the embryo dividing

A

cleavage

26
Q

over the next few days the zygote does what?

A

the zygote moves
down the oviduct towards the uterus.

27
Q

what happens within the next 1-5 days after reproduction

A

the zygote divides until several hundred cells
are within the blastocyst. The blastocyst becomes an
embryo and travels along the oviduct and into the
uterus.

28
Q

what is a blastocyst

A

early stage of an embryo

29
Q

what is the uterus wall rich of?

A

rich of blood vessels

30
Q

after the embryo implants to the uterus an organ called the _______ is formed

A

Placenta

31
Q

the fetus is connected to the placenta by the?

A

umbilical cord

32
Q

what is the umbilical cord used for

A

connects baby to placenta

33
Q

what fluid is the foetus surrounded by

A

amniotic fluid

34
Q

why is the fetus surrounded by the ______ fluid?

A

it is surrounded by the amniotic fluid in which protects the
baby during development by
cushioning it from impact.

35
Q

what is the function of the placenta

A

The placenta separates the mother
and the child’s blood supply but
still allows nutrients , oxygen&wastes to
pass between them.

36
Q

what can affect the foetus during development?

A

alcohol , nicotine,drugs

37
Q

list some disorders the drugs can provide the fetus with

A

down syndrome , cleft palate , spina bifida , club foot , scoliosis

38
Q

what pushes the baby out of the vagina during child birth

A

contractions of the muscles

39
Q

what breaks when the baby goes into labour

A

the amniotic sac in which the baby is held in , bursts

40
Q

what is the name of non identical twins

A

dizgyote

41
Q

what are non identical twins formed from

A

two different zygotes
two different sperm cells fertilise
two different egg cells

42
Q

do non identical twins share or do not share placenta?

A

non-identical twins do not share a placenta

43
Q

what are identical twins formed from

A

one zygote
one sperm cell fertilises one egg
then the embryo completely splits apart forming two
separate identical embryos.

44
Q

do identical twins share or do not share placenta

A

identical twins share a placenta

45
Q

features of internal fertilisation

A

-egg and sperm meet inside the body
-only a few eggs are produced
- the youth need a lot of parental care after birth

46
Q

what species does internal fertlisation usually occur in

A

mammals , birds & reptiles

47
Q

features of external fertilisation

A
  • egg and sperm meet outside of body
  • requires lots of eggs
  • youth get little to no parental care after birth
48
Q

what does external fertilisation usually occur in

A

fish & amphibians

49
Q

features of sexual reproduction

A

involves 2 parents , offspring are not genetically identical

50
Q

features of asexual reproduction

A

involves 1 parent , offspring are genetically identical

51
Q

examples of organisms that asexually reproduce

A

yeast(fungus) & spider plant

52
Q

by asexual reproduction will the offspring be cloned or not

A

the offspring will be identical

biology - reproduction (1 decks)

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