animal and plant reproduction Flashcards
what is a gamete
sex cell
what is a male gamete
a sperm
what is a female gamete
an egg
how many chromosomes do gametes contain & what does this mean
gametes contain half the chromosomes number (e.g humans gametes have 23 )
are gametes haploid or diploid
haploid
what do the testes do
produce sperm
what does the penis do
carries sperm outside of the body
what does the sperm duct do
tube where sperm travels from the testes to the penis
what does the urethra do
releases sperm inside the vagina
what is a haploid
Cells that only have one set of chromosomes
what are diploids
Cell that have two sets of chromosomes
what does the vagina do
receives sperm during reproduction
what does the uterus do
where fertilised egg develops
what does the oviduct do
site of fertilisation
what do the ovaries do
produces the female sex cell (egg)
special feature of the egg
the haploid nucleus of this gamete contains genetic information for fertilisation
special feature of the sperm
the tail enables it to swim
what does the uterus contain
amniotic sac , umbilical cord , placenta
what is the function of umbilical cord
this connects the foetus to the placenta
what is the function of the amniotic sac
contains fluid which cushions and protects the foetus
what is the function of the placenta
allows nutrients and oxygen to diffuse from mother to foetus
what are the female gamete of plants
ovule - produced in the ovary
what is the male gamete of the plant
pollen grains produced in the anther
function of stigma (female)
collects pollen grains
function of the style (female)
carries pollen grains to ovary
function of the ovary (female)
produces female gamete
what do the function of the anther ( male)
produces male gamete ( pollen grain )
function of filament(male)
supports another
what structures are male in the plant
anther & filament
what structures of the plant are female
stigma , style & ovary
what are normal plant structures
sepal & petals
what is the function of the sepal ( normal )
protects unopened flowers
what is the function of the petals ( normal)
attracts insects
pollination meaning
the act of transferring pollen grains from the anther(male ) to the stigma(female)
what is self pollination
self pollination is if pollunation occurs in the same flower
what is cross pollination
cross pollination is if pollunation occurs between different flowers
features of asexual reproduction
- only one parent / no sex cells
- parent passes all of the genetic information to the offspring
- the offspring are clones
examples of plants that use asexual reproduction
runners , tubers , bulbs
describe the process of fertilisation
sperm is produced in the testes and goes through the tube of the sperm duct and once the penis is inside the vagina the urethra sends the sperm up through the vagina and into the oviduct where the egg( made in the ovaries) meets the sperm and forms a zygote
describe the process of plant fertilisation
After pollen has landed on the stigma, it grows a pollen tube down through the style to the ovary , The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilises the nucleus in the ovule and finally The fertilised ovule develops into a seed.
What is an example of a bulb plant and what is a bulb
Bulbs are underground food storage organs which can grow into new plants , for example onion and garlic
