Reproduction and Inheritance Flashcards
What is asexual reproduction?
Involves one parent and offspring have identical genes to the parent - so no variation in parent and offspring
What is sexual reproduction?
Involves the fusion of male and female gametes. offspring have a mixture of their parents genes
What type of reproduction is common in bacteria?
asexual
What type of reproduction do plants do?
both
What type of reproduction do most animals do?
sexual
What type of reproduction needs two parents?
sexual
What type of reproduction needs only one parent?
asexual
What type of reproduction are gametes made?
sexual
What type of reproduction involves cell fusion?
sexual
What type of reproduction involves no cell fusion?
asexual
What type of reproduction creates a variety in offspring?
sexual
What type of reproduction creates clones in offspring?
asexual
What cell division produces genetically identical cells?
mitosis
What cell division produces gametes?
meiosis
What is fertilisation?
the fusion of the male and female gamete forming a zygote
What cell division does a zygote undergo?
mitosis to produce all cells which will make up an adult. All these cells must have the full (diploid) number of chromosomes, so the zygote divides repeatedly and develops into an embryo
How is the male reproductive system adapted for its function?
Testis - make sperm (meiosis)
Scrotum - protects testis
Sperm duct - moves sperm away from storage place
Erectile tissue - erects penis
Penis - ejaculates sperm
Urethra - tube which carries sperm through penis during ejaculation
How is the female reproductive system adapted for its function?
ovary - produces eggs, where meiosis happens, produces sex hormones
uterus - where embryo grows
cervix - neck of the uterus, holds baby in uterus during pregnancy
fallopian tube (oviduct) - carries eggs from ovary to uterus
vagina - where sperm is deposited
What does oestrogen do during the menstrual cycle?
stimulates uterus lining to thicken and repair
inhibits FSH
stimulates LH production
what does progesterone do during the menstrual cycle?
maintains uterus lining
high levels inhibit FSH and LH production
what does LH do during the menstrual cycle?
causes the egg to be released from the ovary (ovulation)
stimulates progesterone release
what does FSH do during the menstrual cycle?
matures egg
stimulates oestrogen release
