2 Level of organisation + cell structure Flashcards
What is the level of organisation in organisms?
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
what are organelles
tiny structures within cells. can only see them using a powerful microscope
what are cells
the smallest functional unit of life and contain a number of organelles,
structures that carry out specific processes the cells needs to survive.
what is a tissue
group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
what are organs
a group of different tissues that work together to perform a function
what is an organ system
organs work together to form organ systems. each system does a different job
example of organ system
digestive system made up of stomach, intestines, pancreas and liver
what does nucleus do
contains the genetic material that controls the cells activities. surrounded by its own membrane
Contains the chromosomes - strands of DNA which carry the genes (each gene
codes for a protein)
what does cell membrane do
boundary between cytoplasm and cells surroundings and controls substances that go in and out of cell
what does cytoplasm do
jelly-like liquid - most of cells chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these reactions
what do mitochondria do
Carries out some reactions of aerobic respiration, producing ATP (energy
carrier molecule)
what do ribosomes do
Synthesise (assemble) proteins from amino acids
what do chloroplasts do
Contain chlorophyll - used in photsynthesis
Absorb light energy and use it to carry out the chemical reactions of
photosynthesis, making biological molecules for plant cells (food)
what does cell wall do
Surrounds cell membrane. supports cell and strengthens it (helps keep it upright)
Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) in plants.
what does vacuole do
Filled with a watery liquid called cell sap; stores dissolved sugars, mineral ions
and other substances.
