Reproduction And Hormone Control Flashcards
What type of cells are gametes produced from?
Germline cells
What type of cell division produces gametes?
Meiosis
Where in the testes are sperm cells produced?
Seminiferous tubules
What hormone do the interstitial cells of the testes produce?
Testoserone
What is the role of the fluids secreted by the prostate gland and seminal vesicles?
Maintain the mobility and viability of the sperm
Where are the ova produced?
Ovaries
What is the function of the follicle surrounding an ovum?
Protects the developing ovum and secretes hormones
Where are mature ova released to where they can be fertilised by sperm?
Oviduct
What is formed when a sperm fertilises an ovum?
Zygote
The pituitary gland is stimulated to release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) or interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) by which hormone?
Releaser hormone
Where is releaser hormone secreted from?
Hypothalamus
What does FSH do in males?
Promotes sperm production in the seminiferous tubules
What does ICSH do?
Promotes testosterone production in the interstitial cells
What does testosterone do?
Stimulates sperm production and stimulates the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland to produce their secretions
What happens when testosterone levels become too high?
Inhibits the pituitary from producing FSH and ICSH. This is negative feedback control
How long does the menstrual cycle approximately take?
28 days
What is regarded as day one of the menstrual cycle?
The first day of menstruation
What does FSH do in females?
FSH stimulates the development of a follicle and the production of oestrogen by the follicle
What does oestrogen do?
•Stimulates proliferation of the endometrium preparing it for implantation
•Also affects the consistency of cervical mucus making it more easily penetrated by sperm
What do peak levels of oestrogen stimulate?
Surge in secretion of LH
What does a surge in LH trigger?
Ovulation
What effect does high levels of oestrogen have?
Inhibit FSH production, preventing further follicles from developing. This is negative feedback
In the luteal phase, what does the follicle turn in to after ovulation?
Corpus luteum
What does the corpus luteum secrete?
Progesterone
What is the role of progesterone?
•Thickens the endometrium preparing it for implantation if fertilisation occurs
•Inhibits FSH and LH production
What does the lack of LH in the luteal phase lead to?
Degeneration of the corpus luteum
What does the degeneration of the corpus luteum lead to?
Decrease in progesterone which triggers menstruation
If fertilisaiton does occur, what happens to the corpus luteum and progesterone levels?
Does not degenerate and progesterone levels remain high
