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Biology > Fertility > Flashcards

Fertility Flashcards

1
Q

What type of fertility are males said to have?

A

Continuous

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2
Q

What type of fertility are females said to have?

A

Cyclical

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3
Q

Name two indicators of female fertility

A

Increased temperature by 0.5°
and
cervical mucus becomes thin and watery

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4
Q

State two ways drugs can stimulate ovulation?

A

Prevent the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on FSH secretion.
Other ovulatory drugs mimic the action of FSH and LH

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5
Q

When several semen samples are collected and then introduced into the female by means other than sexual intercourse, what is this called?

A

Artificial insemination

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6
Q

When is artificial insemination used?

A

When a man has a low sperm count

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7
Q

What is the injection of the head of a sperm into an egg called?

A

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

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8
Q

When is ICSI used?

A

When a man has a very low sperm count or if his mature sperm are defective in some way

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9
Q

If a partner is sterile, what can be used for artificial insemination or ICSI?

A

A donor may be used

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10
Q

Before surgical removal of eggs for IVF, what happens?

A

Hormone stimulation

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11
Q

After surgical removal of eggs for IVF, what happens?

A

The eggs are mixed with sperm in a culture dish

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12
Q

The fertilised eggs for IVF are incubated until they have formed at least how many cells?

A

Eight cells

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13
Q

Why is pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) used in conjunction with IVF?

A

To identify single gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities

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14
Q

Why is pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) used in conjunction with IVF?

A

To identify single gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities

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15
Q

Name 3 physical methods of contraception

A

Barrier methods
IUDS
sterilisation

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16
Q

Which contraceptive mimics negative feedback preventing the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland?

A

Contraceptive pill (combined pill)

17
Q

The oral contraceptive pill contains synthetic versions of which hormones?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

18
Q

How does the progesterone-only (mini) pill prevent pregnancy?

A

Causes thickening of the cervical mucus

19
Q

How do emergency contraceptive pills (the Morning After Pill) prevent pregnancy?

A

Prevent or delay ovulation

Biology (8 decks)

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