Division And Differentitation In Human Cells

Question 1

What are gametes (sperm and ova) and the stem cells that divide to form gametes called?

Answer 1

Germline cell

Question 2

What is any cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction called?

Answer 2

Somatic cells

Question 3

What term is used to describe a cell that contains 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes?

Answer 3

Diploid

Question 4

What term is used to describe a cell like a gamete that contains 23 single chromosomes?

Answer 4

Haploid

Question 5

How do somatic stem cells divide and what does this produce ?

Answer 5

By mitosis to form more somatic cells

Question 6

Why is somatic cell division by mitosis important?

Answer 6

It maintains the diploid chromosome number

Question 7

How do germline stem cells divide to form more germline stem cells?

Answer 7

Mitosis

Question 8

How do germline stem cells divide to form haploid gametes?

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

What happens during the first division during meiosis ?

Answer 9

Separation of homologous chromosomes

Question 10

What happens during the second division during meiosis?

Answer 10

Separation of chromotids

Question 11

What is the process which produces proteins characteristic for that type of cell called?

Answer 11

Cellular differentiation

Question 12

What does cellular differentiation allow a cell to do ?

Answer 12

This allows a cell to carry out specialised functions

Question 13

Where are embryonic stem cells found?

Answer 13

In the very early embryo

Question 14

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into all the cell types that make up the individual, what term describes this?

Answer 14

Pluripotent

Question 15

Why can embryonic stem cells differentiate into all the cell types that make up the individual ?

Answer 15

As all the genes in embryonic stem cells can be switched on

Question 16

What term describes the ability of a tissue stem cell to differentiate into all of the types of cell found in a particular tissue type ?

Answer 16

Multi-potent

Question 17

What are tissue stem cells involved in?

Answer 17

Growth, repair and renewal of the cells found in that tissue

Question 18

What do blood stem cells located in the bone marrow give rise to?

Answer 18

Red blood cells, platelets, phagocytes, and lymphocytes

Question 19

What does therapeutic uses of stem cells involve?

Answer 19

The repair of damaged or diseased organs or tissue

Question 20

Give 2 examples of therapeutic uses of stem cells

Answer 20

Regeneration of damaged skin and corneal repair

Question 21

What does stem cells research provide information on?

Answer 21

How cells processes such as cell growth, differentiation and gene regulation work

Question 22

Research uses of stem cells involve them being used as model cells, what are model cells used for ?

Answer 22

To study how diseases develop or drug testing

Question 23

What is an ethical issue to using embryonic stem cells?

Answer 23

It involves destruction of embryos

Question 24

Why do cancer cells divide excessively?

Answer 24

Cancer cells do not respond to regulatory signals

Question 25

What forms as a results of cancer cells dividing excessively?

Answer 25

A mass of abnormal cells called a tumour

Question 26

How does a secondary tumour form?

Answer 26

Cells in the tumour fail to attach to one another and spread through the body

Question 27

Diploid cells contain how many chromosomes?

Answer 27

46

Question 28

Haploid cells contain how many chromosomes ?

Answer 28

23

Question 29

Where are blood stem cells located ?

Answer 29

Bone marrow

Question 30

What do blood stem cells located in bone marrow give rise to?

Answer 30

Red blood cells, platelets,phagocytes and lymphocytes