Reproduction and Development Flashcards
Parthengenesis
A process in which the egg develops without being fertilized and the adults that result are haploid
Hermaphrodites
Can mate with any animal of their species (male or female)
Traits of Asexual Reproduction
- Animals can reproduce w/out mate
- Creates numerous offspring quickly
- No expenditure of energy maintaining hormonal cycles or reproductive systems
- Best when environment is stable and non-stressed
Fission
Asexual
Separation of an organism into two new cells
Budding
Splitting off of new individuals from existing ones
Fragmentation
Single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into new individuals
Testes
Male gonads
the site of sperm formation
Vas defrens
the duct that carries sperm during ejaculation
Prostate gland
large gland that secretes semen into urethra
Scrotum
sac that holds the testes
cool temperature
Uretha
tube that carries semen and urine
Ovary
where meiosis occurs
Oviduct or Fallopian Tube
where fertilization occurs
the egg moves through the oviduct to the uterus
Uterus
where the blastula stage of the embryo will implant and develop
Vagina
the birth canal
Cervix
the mouth of the uterus
Endometrium
lining of the uterus
Order of Female Menstrual Cycle
Follicular Phase
Ovulation
Luteal Phase
Menstruation
Follicular Phase
Estrogen is released in response to FSH from the anterior pituitary
Ovulation
Secondary oocyte ruptures out of ovaries in response to a rapid increase in LH from anterior pituitary
Luteal Phase
Estrogen and progesterone thicken the endometrium lining of the uterus
Menstruation
uterus sheds its lining
Hypothalamus and Menstrual Cycle
Releases GnRH
Stimulates the anterior pitutary to release FSH and LH
Estrogen and progesterone are released
Spermatogenesis
the process of sperm production
LH starts the process
2n divides by mitosis
then second 2n divides by meiosis
starts at puberty
Oogenesis
the production of ova
begins before birth
Female baby born with all oocytes she will ever have
During puberty second oocytes are activated
Cleavage
rapid mitotic cell division of the cell division of the zygote that begins immediately after fertilization
Blastula
end of cleavage is characterized by the production of a fluid-filled ball of cells
Gastrulation
rearrangement of the blastula to a three germ layers
Ectoderm
Skin and nervous system
Endoderm
Digestive organs
Viscera (lungs and liver)
Mesoderm
Blood
Bones
Muscle
Organgenesis
cell contintue to differentiate and specialize, producing organs from the three germ layers
Chorion
bird embryo that is under the shell and allows for diffusion of respiratory gases
Yolk Sac
encloses the yolk, food for growing embryo
Amnion
encloses the embryo in protective amniotic fluid
Allantos
equal to the placenta in humans
respiratory gases to embryo
nitrogenous waste accumulates until it hatches
