reproduction and development

Question 1

process where new individuals and species are produces and the genetic material is passed from gen to gen

Answer 1

reproduction

Question 2

process of producing offspring where only one parent is involved

Answer 2

asexual reproduction
- genes are only from one parent
- genetically identical to their parent
- no production and fusion of gametes
- mitotic cell division
- cannot search for mates
- fission, budding, fragmentation, vegatative propagation

Question 3

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

• only one parent is needed
• posseses the same characteristics as their parent
• large number of production
• rapisd colonization of habitat

Question 4

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 4

• entire colony can be terminated
• clones will lose their vigor
• overcrowding results to nutrient storage

Question 5

types of asexual reproduction

Answer 5

• parthenogenesis - female produce eggs (aphids)
• sporulation - formation of spores
• budding - tutubo sa katawan then magiging independent
• binary fission - divides two identical cells
• regeneration - parent body breaks, pieces can grow
• vegatative propagation - pinaparami ung halaman

Question 6

creation of offspring by the fusion of egg and sperm cell to form a zygote

Answer 6

sexual reproduction
- produced by meiosis
- egg - stores nutrients
- sperm - small

Question 7

advantages of sexual rep

Answer 7

• genes are from two different parents
• genetically different from the parental cell
• can adapt to new environment

Question 8

disadvantages of sexual rep

Answer 8

• production rate is relatively low
• requires both male and female gametes
• foe less-well adapted, death rate is high

Question 9

• fertilization that happens outside the body
• inside the body

Answer 9

external fertilization
internal ferti

Question 10

advantages of external ferti

Answer 10

• little energy finding mate
• large no of offspring
• many eggs are fertilized

Question 11

disadvntg of external ferti

Answer 11

• embryo is unprotected
• restricted to wet environment

Question 12

adv of internal ferti

Answer 12

survival rate is high
- embryo is protected

Question 13

disad of internal ferti

Answer 13

• few zygote
• more energy is required to find a mate

Question 14

oviparous
ovoviviparous
viviparous

Answer 14

ovi - egg laying (aphids, fish, crocodile, amphibians, chicken, birds, snake, shark)
ovovivi - eggs are retained, embryo is kept in the body, when mature it will be hatched and layed (water snakes, pit vipers, isects)
vivi - develop within the mothers body (mammals, humans, cartilaginous fish, reptiles, aphids)

Question 15

male reproductive system

Answer 15

• located outside the body
• epididymis - stores sperm
• vas deferens - transport
• seminal vesicle - nourish
• prostate gland and bulborethral gland - lubricant
• urethra - daanan ng urine at sperm
• penis - organ

Question 16

female repro system

Answer 16

• inside body
• vagina - lower part of uterus, birth canal
• uterus - channel that allows sperm to enter, where baby is developed
• ovaries - produces egss and hormones
• fallopian tube - tunnel for egg

Question 16

process of sperm reproductions

Answer 16

spermatogenesis (4 sperms)

Question 17

process of egg repro, maturation of female gametes

Answer 17

oogenesis (1 egg)

Question 18

early series of miotic division. zygote to multicellular embryo

Answer 18

cleavage
- ovulation
- fertilization
- cleavage
- morula (solid ball in uterus)
- early blastocycst (fluid forms in center of morula)
- implantation

Question 18

discharge of hydraulic enzyme

Answer 18

acrosomal reaction

Question 18

ovarian cycle

Answer 18

follicular phase - one dominant follicle grows (13-14 dys)
ovulatory phase - dominant follicle rubtures (16-32 hrs)
luteal phase - after ovulation (14 dys)

Question 18

sperm needs this to fertilize an egg

Answer 18

capaciation
- sperm is motile in seminal fluid
- when inside the femare repro for several hours

Question 19

forms 3 pripary germ layaers (ecto, endo, mesoderm)

Answer 19

gastrulation

Question 19

fetal growth and development

Answer 19

firs tri - undergoes cleavage and forms embryo, placental develops
- takes shape and limbs form
- nervous system
- shws reflexes

second tri - bones enlarge, kicking, hair, increase size and weight

third tri - organ maturation, brain, neurons, neurological development

Question 20

contraception

Answer 20

• blocks certain stage of reproduction
• ovulatin suppressing method (prevents oocyte from maturing)
• oral contrceptive (meds)
• morning after-pill (type of ISM, blocks action of hormones)
• condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, spermicidal jelly, surgical method, vasectomy, ligation, ISM, IUD

Question 21

sevual rep in flowering plants

Answer 21

haplontic - zygote
diplontic - gametes
haplodiplontic - spores

Question 21

monozygotic twins
- identical
- splitting of embryo to 2
- same gender
- cause of splitting unknown
- not the same DNA
- less common type
- same blood type
- appearance; same
- risk to twin to twin

Answer 21

dizygotic twins
- fraterna
- 2 embryos are produced
- diff gender
- cause of ivf, superovulation, hereditary, fertility drug
- diff DNA
- either same or diff blood type
- appearance; diff
- low risk of t to t