Reproduction and Contraception Flashcards
what are the two cycles that make up the menstrual cycle?
ovarian and uterine cycles
ovarian cycle
follicular phase
ovulation
luteal phase
follicular phase hormones
drop in estrogen leads to hypothalamus which increases GnRH
drop in progesterone WITH increased GnRH leads to pituitary gland which increases FSH and LH
FSH goes to Graafian follicles, to stimulate development; dominant follicle produces increased estrogen
luteal phase hormones
corpus luteum produces high progesterone and estrogen
if no pregnancy, corpus luteum degenerates –> drop in progesterone and estrogen
uterine cycle phases
menstruation (days 1-7)
proliferative phase (days 7-14)
secretory phase (days 14-28)
menstruation
shedding of endometrium DUE TO LOW estrogen and progesterone
proliferative phase
uterus building up endometrium DUE TO HIGH estrogen stimulating inner lining
secretory phase
endometrial lining continues thickening
PROGESTERONE steadily increasing
PMS in last week; no pregnancy = drop in estrogen and progesterone
conception
ovum fertilized in outer 1/3 of fallopian tube
fusion of sperm and egg -> zygote -> cleavage -> morula -> blastocyst
what does the blastocyst become?
1/2 placenta, 1/2 fetus
8 contraception options
- abstinence
- barrier methods
- short-acting hormonal
- long-acting hormonal
- sterilization
- non-hormonal
- fertility awareness
- emergency contraceptions
barrier methods
M/F condoms
diaphragm
cervical cap
contraceptive sponge
short-acting hormonal BC
BCPs, vaginal ring (NuvaRing), skin patch, depo shot
BCPs (birth control pills)
combined (prog and estr) - suppress ovulation and change cervical mucus; note risk of cancer
progestin-only: suppress ovulation and menstruation
RISK FOR CLOTTING! v. dangerous
long-acting hormonal BC
copper IUD, hormonal IUD (progesterone), implant (arm)
