Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NRSG 344 > Fetal Monitoring > Flashcards

Fetal Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

hypoxemia

A

low oxygen in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hypoxia

A

low oxygen in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acidemia

A

high hydrogen ions in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acidosis

A

high hydrogen ions in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

asphyxia

A

hypoxia and metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

contraction frequency

A

time between beginning of each contraction/peak of each contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

contraction duration

A

length of contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

contraction intensity

A

strength of contraction (palpate) - mild, moderate, strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

resting tone

A

tone of uterus between contractions (palpate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

relaxation time

A

time between the end of one contraction and the start of the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

placental circulation - veins and arteries

A

one umbilical VEIN carries oxygenated blood to FETUS

two umbilical ARTERIES carry deoxygenated blood to PLACENTA (fetal lung)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fetal circulation is a _____ system pumped by ______

A

closed, fetal heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where and how does oxygen exchange occur with baby?

A

intervillous space/placental lake in chorion; CO2 diffuses into placenta, O2 diffuses into baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

factors impacting placental perfusion

A
  • tachysystole, hypertonus
  • maternal: HoTN, HTN, DM, fever, stress
  • placental: calcification, small size, infection, implant, abruption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

during uterine contractions, which is compressed first/opens first, vein or arteries?

A

vein 1st compressed, then arteries
fetal reserve used
vein opens first, then arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is electronic fetal monitoring?

A

continuous visual record of FHR and uterine activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

external fetal monitoring

A
  • tocotransducer (measures uterine contractions, but cannot measure strength)
  • ultrasound transducer (measures FHR)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

internal fetal monitoring

A

spiral electrode – attached to fetal scalp
intrauterine pressure catheter – measures actual strength of contractions, but you must still palpate the fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal vs tachysystole

A

normal: 5 or less contractions in 10 minutes, over an average of 30 minutes

tachysystole: more than 5 contractions in 10 mins (avg 30 min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

interventions for tachysystole

A

turn patient, turn off Oxytocin/Pitocin, palpate uterus for placental abruption, watch for BP drop and HR increase (hemorrhage!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the four vital assessments of FHR?

A
  1. baseline rate
  2. variability
  3. accelerations
  4. decelerations
22
Q

BASELINE RATE - normal

A

110-160 bpm (2 min minimum over 10 mins)
- estimate - round to 5s
- absence of contractions!
- increase is expected with fetal movement

23
Q

BASELINE RATE - tachycardia + causes

A

> 160 bpm

causes: fetal hypoxemia, anemia, sepsis, prematurity, cardiac issues, maternal fever, dehydration, sepsis, anxiety, thyroid issues, and drug interactions

24
Q

BASELINE RATE - bradycardia + causes

A

< 110 bpm

causes: maternal positioned on back, HoTN, rxn to pain meds, hypoglycemia

25
variability + ranges
normal changes in FHR over time moderate: 6-25 bpm minimal: <=5 absent: 0 (EMERGENT) marked: >25 bpm
26
causes of minimal variability
hypoxia/acidosis, fetal sleeping, drug fx, fetal tachycardia, fetal anomalies/prematurity
27
intervention for absent variability
Intrauterine Resuscitation and stat C-section
28
causes of marked variability
increased fetal movement, vaginal exam/fetal stimulation, pushing, possible r/o hypoxia?
29
accelerations
sudden increases in FHR; very common increase in 15 bpm for 15s to 2 mins (32+wks) increase in 10 bpm for 10s to 2 mins (<32 wks) REASSURING SIGN
30
decelerations
15 bpm x 15 s triggered by baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
31
periodic decels
occur with contractions
32
episodic decels
occur with or without contractions
33
recurrent decels
must occur in over 50% of contractions in 20 mins
34
early decels
nadir of decel at the same time as the peak of contraction periodic, gradual, <=2 mins BENIGN - usually due to pressure on the fetal fontanel usually begins at about 4 cm dilation; may be a sign of progression
35
variable decels
episodic, abrupt, 15x15, <2 mins BARORECEPTORS - pressure on CORD --> increased BP and decreased HR CONCERNING - may be s/s of nuchal cord or knot in cord
36
variable decels intervention
Intrauterine Resuscitation - change maternal position - increase IV fluids, O2 at 10L/min (for 20-30 mins)
37
late decels
episodic, gradual, nadir AFTER contraction peak, <2 min indicative of chronic deoxygenation, uteroplacental insufficiency may be seen in epidural d/t mom's BP dropping but should stop soon
38
what happens as late decels occur over time
decreasing variability occurs over time, leading to hypoxemia and hypoxia
39
late decel interventions
Intrauterine REsuscitation - 10 L/min O2, reposition, increase IV fluids stop oxytocin STAT notify provider to come STAT begin C-section if no improvement
40
Prolonged decels
lasts 2-10 minutes
41
prolonged decel causes
prolapsed cord, placental abruption, precipitous delivery
42
prolonged decel interventions
reposition, elevate presenting part (life fetal head up off the cord), prep for delivery STAT
43
sinusoidal pattern
very serious -- sine-wave 3-5/min for 20+ mins
44
sinusoidal pattern causes
Rh isoimmunization, severe fetal anemia, fetal acidosis, placental abruption, hemorrhage
45
sinusoidal pattern intervention
STAT c-section, notify NICU
46
Three-tiered FHR system each category meaning
Cat I: Normal acid-base status Cat II: indeterminate Cat III: abnormal acid-base status
47
category I FHR
110-160 bpm w/ moderate variability; may have accels or early decels
48
category III FHR
absent variability with: bradycardia OR recurrent late/variable decels sinusoidal pattern
49
category II FHR
anything NOT in cat I/III moderate var w recurrent late/var decels OR bradycardia minimal var w/ recurrent var decels absent var w/o recurrent decels prolonged decels
50
Cat III responses
intrauterine resuscitation
51
Cat II responses
stop oxytocin, cervical exam, reposition, monitor BP for HoTN, evaluate contraction frquency/duration for uterine hyperstimulation
52
overall responses to nonreassuring FHR
MAXIMIZE OXYGENATION positioning, IV fluids, oxygenate, breathing, stop oxytocin

NRSG 344 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions