Reproduction and associated conditions Flashcards
When do dogs and bitches reach puberty?
bitch= 6-20 months
dogs= 4.5-9
When do toms and queens reach sexual maturity?
Queens = 6-9 months
Tom = 7-12
What are the phases of the reproductive cycle in order?
-pro-eostrus (folicular stage)
-oestrus (Folicular stage)
-Metoestrusb (luteal phase)
-dioestrus (luteal phase)
-aneostrus (prolonged sexual inactivity)
What is the dominant hormone at the luteal stages?
progesterone
What happens at pro-oeostrus in bitches?
- begining of heat
- lasts 9 days (in dog)
-vulva is swollen/ blood/ oedema (watery- non clearfluids) - females non-responsive to the dog
What happens at oestrus in bitches?
- female will acept male
- lasts 9 days
-vulva enlarges and is turgid/ discgharge is clearer/ straw cloured
-ovulation occurs 1-2 day after start of oestrus
What happens at metoestrus and extends into diestrous in bitches?
- no longer accepts dog
- hormones equal those to pregnancy
- all secretions deminish
What happens at anoestrus in bitches?
- no external signs or sexual activity
What happens to the dog during mating?
- lasts 15-20 mins
-dog rotates and ties towards end of the sequence
What happens at proestrus in queens?
- 1.5-2 days
- vocal/ affectionate and will run and role
What happens at oestrus in queens?
- not much vulva swelling
-lasts 4 days in presence of male - can last 4-10 days
-ovulation occurs 27 hours after mating occurs
What happens at dioestrus in queens?
- lasts 8-10 days
- queens that don’t ovulate have a longer metoestrus and recycle 21 days if still in breeding season
What happens when cats mate?
-lasts about 10 seconds
- tom grasps females by neck
How long does pregnancy last in the bitch and queen?
bitches = 63 days
queens =65 days
When can pregnancy diagnosis be made?
plapitation = q= 3w b=3-4w
radiography= q=45d b=43d
ultrasound = from 3.5 weeks
What is the main hormone responsible for false pregnancies?
prolactin
What are the symptoms of a false pregnancy?
- mating does not have to occur
- many bitches show symptoms during metoestrus
-mammer6yb development and lactogenisis
-nesting behaviour - attqachment to soft topys
- may mock parturition with straining
What is the treatment of false pregnancy?
- nothing
- a prolactin inhibitor
spay (only when in anestrus)
How to diagnose pyometra in bitches?
- bitch is in season (5-8d)
-lethargic
-emiesis (vomiting)
-poly-uria poly-dispsia - vulva swollen
- discharge can vary in volume and consistency
How are closed plyometra more sevre?
- the cervix cannot drain
-infectious material accumulates within the lumen of the uterus
-uterus may become distendend - endotoxins from bacteria may be present
-without medical attention the bitch can die within 14-21 days
What diagnostic test are performed on suspected plyometra paitents?
-raidiology
-ultrasound
-heamatology
How is plyometria treated?
-surgery
-Alperstein (not licenced meication)
What is cryptorchidium in males?
- testicals are usually intra-abdominally or in inguinal canal
- hereditory
-greater risk of neoplasia
-castration is treatment choice
What is hypersexuality in males?
- aggression/ mounting other dogs, objects ect.
-often behavioural - treatment is castration
When is chemical castration (delmadione acetate) used?
–when surgical castration is not desired
- when there is a health/behaviour issue
What is removed when performing an ovariohysterectimy?
- removal of uterus and overies
what is removed when castrating males?
- removal of both tesicals and epidymi
