Reproduction Flashcards
Define reproduction
The process by with new organisms are produced. The organisms produced are the offspring and have been produced by their parents.
What are the 2 main types of reproduction?
Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
Give 5 factors of asexual reproduction
- It only involves one parent
- It is mainly used by plants and microorganisms
- It does not introduce variation
- allows population to grow quickly
- Produced offspring that are genetically identical to their parent
Give 5 factors of sexual reproduction
- It involves two parents
- It is used by humans and most animal species
- Introduces variation
- Produces offspring that are genetically distinct from their parents.
- Variation enables them to adapt to environmental changes
What are the 3 main methods of asexual reproduction in plants?
- Bulbs
- Runners
- Tubers
Bacterial cells reproduce asexually using what process?
Binary fission
What happens during binary fission?
The bacterial cell makes a copy of its DNA and then splits into two cells that are genetically identical to each other
Yeast cells reproduce asexually by what process?
Budding
What happens during budding?
The parent grows a lump called a bud. A copy of the yeasts DNA moves into the bud. The bud detaches and is now a new yeast cell that is identicle to the parent cell
What is a gamete?
A sex cell
How many sets of chromosomes to gametes have?
1
In mammals, what is the male and female gamete?
Sperm and egg cell
Define fertilisation
The fusion of the nuclei of the 2 haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo
What is the male and female gamete in flowering plants?
The anther and the ovule
What is this site of the plants reproductive organs?
The flower
