Control And Communication Flashcards
What 3 parts is the nervous system composed of?
- Neurons
- Brain
- Spinal cords
What 2 parts is the central nervous system composed of?
Brain and spinal cord
List the 3 parts of the brain and explain their function
Cerebrum- controls conscious thoughts, reasoning, memory and emotions.
Cerebellum - controls balance and coordinated movement.
Medulla - controls breathing and heart rate
What form of electrical impulses to neuron send and receive messages?
In the form of rapid electrical impulses
List the 3 types of neutrons and explain their function
Sensory neurons - carry electrical impulses from sense organs to the CNS.
Inter neurons - found in the CNS and connect with other neurons.
Motor neurons - carry electrical impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands.
Neurons are separated by a tiny gap called a what?
Synaps
When and electrical impulse reaches the end of a neuron, what is released from it?
Chemicals
Define a reflex
A fast, automatic response to a stimulus to help protect the body from harm
What is the nerve pathway involved in a reflex called?
Reflex arc it
What is the order of neurons in a reflex arc?
Sensory-inter-motor
What does the endocrine system contain and what do they produce?
Endocrine glands which produce hormones
What is the term given to hormones that transfer information from one part of the body to another?
Chemical messengers
Where do endocrine glands release hormones and how fast do they travel?
Into the blood and therefore travel slower than electrical impulses
What do target cells in target organs have for specific hormones?
Receptors
If you have not eaten for a long time or have just exercised, is your blood sugar high or low?
Low
What 2 hormones are involved in controlling blood glucose levels?
Insulin and glucagon
Where are these hormones produced and what is the target organ?
Produced in the pancreas and the target organ is the liver
What does insulin cause the liver to convert glucose to?
Glucagon
When blood glucose is high, what hormone is released from the pancreas?
Insulin
In the liver, what is glucagon broken down into?
Glucose
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a constant internal environment.
What 2 systems are responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
The nervous system and the endocrine system.
How is the human body temperature maintained?
Homeostasis
How is body temperature maintained in the cold?
Blood is diverted away from the skin.
Hairs stand upright to trap insulating air.
Shivering occurs so muscles can generate heat.
