Reproduction Flashcards
What did Clade Bernard state?
The endocrine system regulates the internal milieu of an animal
What are the principal functions of the endocrine system?
Regulates chemical composition and volume of internal environment, metabolism, contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibres, glandular secretions and immune activities.
Controls growth and development
Regulate operation of reproductive systems
Help to establish circadian rhythms
What four structural groups are hormones put in?
Peptides and proteins
Amino acid derivatives
Steroids
Fatty acid derivatives
What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete into the bloodstream?
Gonadotropins (FSH & LH) - ovaries and testes, Growth Hormone - bones and tissues, Prolactin - mammary glands, ACTH - adrenal cortex, TSH - thyroid gland.
What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete into the blood stream?
Oxytocin - mammary glands and smooth muscle in uterus and ADH - kidney tubules
What does LH do?
Stimulates ovulation of ovaries
What does FSH do?
Stimulates follicle growth
What is gastrulation?
Formation of germ layers
What type of placenta does a cow or sheep have?
Cotelydonary
What type of placenta does a human have?
Discoid
What happens when the fetus approaches full term?
Progesterone levels decline, Oestrogen levels increase which prepares the uterus for delivery and the fetus releases cortisol to begin birth
What causes the rise in adrenal gland size when partitution occurs?
Response to stress as there is lack of space, nutrients and gas exchange as the fetus is ready to leave the womb
What is dystocia?
Abnormal orientation of fetus
What are the three stages of parturition?
Preparatory, fetal expulsion and expulsion of placenta
What happens during the preparatory stage?
Myometrial contractions, uterine pressure, abdominal discomfort and cervical dilation.
