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ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM > Quiz (known) > Flashcards

Quiz (known) Flashcards

1
Q

In the sarcomere the thin filaments are composed of what compounds?

A

Actin, Troponin and Tropomyosin

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2
Q

What are the four main tissue types found in the body?

A

Epithelial, Muscular, Nervous and Connective tissue

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3
Q

During the oestrus cycle, which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary causes ovulation of the mature follicle?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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4
Q

Light is an important cue that synchronises an organism’s biological rhythms to the Earth’s 24 hour light/dark cycle. External cues What is this called?

A

Zeitgeber

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5
Q

The small pouches in the colon are known as?

A

Haustra

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6
Q

What is the role of the caecum in rabbits and horses?

A

Anaerobic fermentation of fibre produces some utilisable energy in the form of volatile fatty acids

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7
Q

The cranial and spinal cavities are lined by what membranes?

A

Meninges

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8
Q

What type of epithelial cells line blood vessels and air sacs and are involved in gas exchange?

A

Simple Squamous

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9
Q

Induced or reflex ovulators go through a follicular phase but remain in a sexual receptivity state where follicles are mature and are released after copulation. What species is this present in?

A

Rabbits and cats

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10
Q

What are the small yellowish glands embedded in the fat on top of the kidneys?

A

Adrenal glands

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11
Q

The SA node of the heart is stimulated by parasympathetic nervous system fibres and by sympathetic NS fibres. Stimulation of the vagus nerves in parasympathetic fibres causes what?

A

Decrease in SA node rate which decreases heart rate.

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12
Q

What is the site where the majority of digestion takes place and most nutrient absorption in a monogastric system?

A

Small intestine

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13
Q

Ventilation occurs under the control of the medulla oblongata and pons under the stimulation of what part of the nervous system?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

In a monogastric animal the majority of the absorption of water and salts occurs where?

A

The large intestine

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15
Q

What is the name given to the small bone within the penis of a dog used to direct it into the vagina of a female?

A

Os Penis

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16
Q

With reference to anatomical terms what does proximal mean?

A

Situated nearer to the centre of the body or the point of attachment

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17
Q

Which part of the ruminant stomach sorts particles by size?

A

Reticulum

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18
Q

What are the four main functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Return tissue fluid to the bloodstream
  • Transport fats from the digestive tract to the bloodstream
  • Remove bacteria and foreign bodies from the lymph
  • To produce lymphocytes which produce antibodies
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19
Q

Agnathans and Chondrichthians have a skeleton made up of?

A

Cartilage

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20
Q

The oestrus cycle results from a complex hormonal interaction between which three structures?

A

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovary

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21
Q

What is the name of the tissues which hold together the coils of the small intestine and attaches other digestive organs to the abdomen?

A

Mesentery

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22
Q

In 1932 which American Physiologist coined the word homeostasis from Greek words?

A

Walter Cannon

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23
Q

What is calcium trigger in egg plasma membrane called?

A

Slow block to polyspermy

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24
Q

Which hormone widens the pubic bone and facilitates labour and with oestrogen relaxes the uterine?

A

Relaxin

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25
Q

During which of the stages of lambing is characterised by the expulsion of foetal membranes?

A

Stage 3

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26
Q

The cardiac cycle is in what sequence?

A

Atrial systole, Atrial diastole, Ventricular systole and ventricular diastole

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27
Q

In crickets which organ is the site of the circadian clock?

A

Optic lobe

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28
Q

Where does oxygenated blood enter after visiting the lungs in the left atrium? 4 …

A

Pulmonary veins

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29
Q

The ancestral vertebrate kidney is known as?

A

Archinephros

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30
Q

The respiratory system of birds differs significantly as it contains several …?

A

Air sacs

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31
Q

What are the primary organs of the lymphatic system?

A

Red bone marrow and thymus gland

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32
Q

The vital capacity is the sum of which lung volumes?

A

Inspiratory reserve, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume

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33
Q

Which stage does the embryo implant into the uterus?

A

Blastocyst

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34
Q

What is the name of the structure that is the impulse generating tissue located in the right atrium ?

A

Sinoatrial node

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35
Q

Polychaete worms rely on which external appendages for locomotion?

A

Parapodia

36
Q

Glucagon is produced in which cells in the pancreas?

A

Alpha cells

37
Q

Identify structure labelled A?

A

Corpus luteum

38
Q

What device measures blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer

39
Q

Which part of the nervous system connects the CNS to limbs and organs?

A

Peripheral nervous systen

40
Q

Oxygenated blood flows from the atrium into the ventricle through which valve?

A

Left atrioventricular valve

41
Q

Which protein acts as signposts that displays antigens to the host immune cell?

A

MHC

42
Q

Nematodes rely on what type of skeleton for locomotion?

A

Hydrostatic

43
Q

Expulsion of foetal membranes is brought about by which hormone?

A

Oestrogen

44
Q

The opening between the stomach and intestine is called?

A

Pyloric Sphincter

45
Q

The posterior pituitary gland is also known as?

A

Neurohypophysis

46
Q

In the testes which cells secrete testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

47
Q

Which invertebrate phylum was the first to develop an alimentary canal?

A

Nematoda

48
Q

How many chambers does a frogs heart have?

A

3

49
Q

What name is given to the level of organisation where groups of cells with similar structures and functions work together to achieve similar functions?

A

Tissues

50
Q

In the kidney what part of the nephron reclaims most of the water from the glomerular filtrate?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

51
Q

What is the ratio called that helps us understand the constraints the environment places on movement of organisms?

A

Reynolds number

52
Q

In contraction of the sarcomere what happens?

A

Z discs move in on eachother

53
Q

What is the process name that forms the main control mechanisms of homeostasis?

A

Negative feedback

54
Q

What does insulin cause?

A

The conversion of stored glucose in the liver into glycogen and increases the rate at which new glucose is formed from amino acids

55
Q

Under auscultation of the heart and blood flow sounds produced by flow are called?

A

Korotkoff sounds

56
Q

Which tiny region of the brains midline is responsible for controlling circadian rhythms?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

57
Q

In the foetus the oxygenated blood enters the heart through right atrium and then into left atrium by what flappy valve?

A

Foramen Ovale

58
Q

What is the name of the peptide hormone that regulates water retention by increasing absorption in kidney nephron?

A

Vasopressin

59
Q

During lambing second stage labour is represented by?

A

Expulsion of foetuses/lamb

60
Q

What is the storage organ at lower part of oesophagus in birds?

A

Crop

61
Q

What type of digestive system do horses and rabbits have?

A

Caudal fermentors

62
Q

Which part of the cardiac cycle involves the heart refilling with blood?

A

Diastole

63
Q

The vertebrate ancestor, Haikouichthys probably used what mode of feeding?

A

Scavenger

64
Q

The earliest excretory systems developed so that vertebrates could excrete what?

A

Nitrogenous wastes

65
Q

The buoyancy of Chondrichthians is relied on storage of what?

A

Lipids

66
Q

In monogastric animals which enzyme in the stomach breaks down proteins into polypeptides?

A

Pepsin

67
Q

In the lining of the stomach which cells produce mucus to protect it?

A

Goblet cells

68
Q

Roughly how times the length of their body is a carnivores digestive tract?

A

4-6

69
Q

Which groups of organisms first developed oral cavities and a pharynx and movable tongue?

A

Elasmobranchs and Teleost fish

70
Q

Which hormone produced in the pineal gland affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions?

A

Melatonin

71
Q

What animals are seasonally polyoestrous?

A

Ewe and Doe

72
Q

Differentiation and maturation of T cells occurs where?

A

Thymus gland

73
Q

Instead of excreting urea the kidneys of birds and reptiles excrete what?

A

Uric acid

74
Q

In response to rising blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular cells in kidneys secrete what hormone into the blood?

A

Renin

75
Q

Blood from the posterior portion of the body enters the right atrium of the heart through which blood vessels?

A

Pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

76
Q

What value quantifies the energy efficiency of transport of an animal from one place to another?

A

Cost of transport

77
Q

What types of placenta does a cat or dog have?

A

Zonary

78
Q

Three main types of animal digestive system are?

A

Monogastric, Modified monogastric and ruminant

79
Q

Which type of epithelial cells line blood vessels?

A

Simple Squamous

80
Q

What is the name of the sheath of fibrous elastic tissue that surrounds a muscle?

A

Perimysium

81
Q

Which digestive organ makes the hormone insulin?

A

Pancreas

82
Q

What is an epicycle?

A

Cycles of repeated activity that are less than 24 hrs

83
Q

The mammalian kidney is divided into two regions?

A

Cortex and medulla

84
Q

Which mechanism prevents the over inflation of the lungs during respiration?

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

85
Q

The oesophagus pierces the diaphragm at a spot called?

A

Hiatus

86
Q

Which gland in the endocrine system is considered to be the ‘master gland’ - it coordinates other endocrine glands and links with the nervous system?

A

Pituitary gland

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM (11 decks)

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