Quiz (known) Flashcards
In the sarcomere the thin filaments are composed of what compounds?
Actin, Troponin and Tropomyosin
What are the four main tissue types found in the body?
Epithelial, Muscular, Nervous and Connective tissue
During the oestrus cycle, which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary causes ovulation of the mature follicle?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Light is an important cue that synchronises an organism’s biological rhythms to the Earth’s 24 hour light/dark cycle. External cues What is this called?
Zeitgeber
The small pouches in the colon are known as?
Haustra
What is the role of the caecum in rabbits and horses?
Anaerobic fermentation of fibre produces some utilisable energy in the form of volatile fatty acids
The cranial and spinal cavities are lined by what membranes?
Meninges
What type of epithelial cells line blood vessels and air sacs and are involved in gas exchange?
Simple Squamous
Induced or reflex ovulators go through a follicular phase but remain in a sexual receptivity state where follicles are mature and are released after copulation. What species is this present in?
Rabbits and cats
What are the small yellowish glands embedded in the fat on top of the kidneys?
Adrenal glands
The SA node of the heart is stimulated by parasympathetic nervous system fibres and by sympathetic NS fibres. Stimulation of the vagus nerves in parasympathetic fibres causes what?
Decrease in SA node rate which decreases heart rate.
What is the site where the majority of digestion takes place and most nutrient absorption in a monogastric system?
Small intestine
Ventilation occurs under the control of the medulla oblongata and pons under the stimulation of what part of the nervous system?
Autonomic nervous system
In a monogastric animal the majority of the absorption of water and salts occurs where?
The large intestine
What is the name given to the small bone within the penis of a dog used to direct it into the vagina of a female?
Os Penis
With reference to anatomical terms what does proximal mean?
Situated nearer to the centre of the body or the point of attachment
Which part of the ruminant stomach sorts particles by size?
Reticulum
What are the four main functions of the lymphatic system?
- Return tissue fluid to the bloodstream
- Transport fats from the digestive tract to the bloodstream
- Remove bacteria and foreign bodies from the lymph
- To produce lymphocytes which produce antibodies
Agnathans and Chondrichthians have a skeleton made up of?
Cartilage
The oestrus cycle results from a complex hormonal interaction between which three structures?
Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovary
What is the name of the tissues which hold together the coils of the small intestine and attaches other digestive organs to the abdomen?
Mesentery
In 1932 which American Physiologist coined the word homeostasis from Greek words?
Walter Cannon
What is calcium trigger in egg plasma membrane called?
Slow block to polyspermy
Which hormone widens the pubic bone and facilitates labour and with oestrogen relaxes the uterine?
Relaxin
During which of the stages of lambing is characterised by the expulsion of foetal membranes?
Stage 3
The cardiac cycle is in what sequence?
Atrial systole, Atrial diastole, Ventricular systole and ventricular diastole
In crickets which organ is the site of the circadian clock?
Optic lobe
Where does oxygenated blood enter after visiting the lungs in the left atrium? 4 …
Pulmonary veins
The ancestral vertebrate kidney is known as?
Archinephros
The respiratory system of birds differs significantly as it contains several …?
Air sacs
What are the primary organs of the lymphatic system?
Red bone marrow and thymus gland
The vital capacity is the sum of which lung volumes?
Inspiratory reserve, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume
Which stage does the embryo implant into the uterus?
Blastocyst
What is the name of the structure that is the impulse generating tissue located in the right atrium ?
Sinoatrial node
Polychaete worms rely on which external appendages for locomotion?
Parapodia
Glucagon is produced in which cells in the pancreas?
Alpha cells
Identify structure labelled A?
Corpus luteum
What device measures blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
Which part of the nervous system connects the CNS to limbs and organs?
Peripheral nervous systen
Oxygenated blood flows from the atrium into the ventricle through which valve?
Left atrioventricular valve
Which protein acts as signposts that displays antigens to the host immune cell?
MHC
Nematodes rely on what type of skeleton for locomotion?
Hydrostatic
Expulsion of foetal membranes is brought about by which hormone?
Oestrogen
The opening between the stomach and intestine is called?
Pyloric Sphincter
The posterior pituitary gland is also known as?
Neurohypophysis
In the testes which cells secrete testosterone?
Leydig cells
Which invertebrate phylum was the first to develop an alimentary canal?
Nematoda
How many chambers does a frogs heart have?
3
What name is given to the level of organisation where groups of cells with similar structures and functions work together to achieve similar functions?
Tissues
In the kidney what part of the nephron reclaims most of the water from the glomerular filtrate?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What is the ratio called that helps us understand the constraints the environment places on movement of organisms?
Reynolds number
In contraction of the sarcomere what happens?
Z discs move in on eachother
What is the process name that forms the main control mechanisms of homeostasis?
Negative feedback
What does insulin cause?
The conversion of stored glucose in the liver into glycogen and increases the rate at which new glucose is formed from amino acids
Under auscultation of the heart and blood flow sounds produced by flow are called?
Korotkoff sounds
Which tiny region of the brains midline is responsible for controlling circadian rhythms?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
In the foetus the oxygenated blood enters the heart through right atrium and then into left atrium by what flappy valve?
Foramen Ovale
What is the name of the peptide hormone that regulates water retention by increasing absorption in kidney nephron?
Vasopressin
During lambing second stage labour is represented by?
Expulsion of foetuses/lamb
What is the storage organ at lower part of oesophagus in birds?
Crop
What type of digestive system do horses and rabbits have?
Caudal fermentors
Which part of the cardiac cycle involves the heart refilling with blood?
Diastole
The vertebrate ancestor, Haikouichthys probably used what mode of feeding?
Scavenger
The earliest excretory systems developed so that vertebrates could excrete what?
Nitrogenous wastes
The buoyancy of Chondrichthians is relied on storage of what?
Lipids
In monogastric animals which enzyme in the stomach breaks down proteins into polypeptides?
Pepsin
In the lining of the stomach which cells produce mucus to protect it?
Goblet cells
Roughly how times the length of their body is a carnivores digestive tract?
4-6
Which groups of organisms first developed oral cavities and a pharynx and movable tongue?
Elasmobranchs and Teleost fish
Which hormone produced in the pineal gland affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions?
Melatonin
What animals are seasonally polyoestrous?
Ewe and Doe
Differentiation and maturation of T cells occurs where?
Thymus gland
Instead of excreting urea the kidneys of birds and reptiles excrete what?
Uric acid
In response to rising blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular cells in kidneys secrete what hormone into the blood?
Renin
Blood from the posterior portion of the body enters the right atrium of the heart through which blood vessels?
Pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
What value quantifies the energy efficiency of transport of an animal from one place to another?
Cost of transport
What types of placenta does a cat or dog have?
Zonary
Three main types of animal digestive system are?
Monogastric, Modified monogastric and ruminant
Which type of epithelial cells line blood vessels?
Simple Squamous
What is the name of the sheath of fibrous elastic tissue that surrounds a muscle?
Perimysium
Which digestive organ makes the hormone insulin?
Pancreas
What is an epicycle?
Cycles of repeated activity that are less than 24 hrs
The mammalian kidney is divided into two regions?
Cortex and medulla
Which mechanism prevents the over inflation of the lungs during respiration?
Hering-Breuer reflex
The oesophagus pierces the diaphragm at a spot called?
Hiatus
Which gland in the endocrine system is considered to be the ‘master gland’ - it coordinates other endocrine glands and links with the nervous system?
Pituitary gland
