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Physiology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Gametes =

A

Tests and ovaries

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2
Q

Gameotogenesis

A

Process by which sperm or ova are produced

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3
Q

Testes development

A

From gonadal ridge

Descend through inguunal canal

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4
Q

Leydig cells

A

Lie within the intersitium between seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

Spermatogonia

A

Undifferentiated germ cells containing diploid competent if 23 pairs of chromosomes

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6
Q

Spermatozoa

A

Fully differentiated sperm cells containing anrandom haploid set of chromosomes

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7
Q

3 steps to spermatogonia

A

Mitotic proliferation

Meiosis

Packaging

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8
Q

Sertoli cells

A

1) protect sperm cells
2) feed sperm cells
3) remove unwanted material
4) secrete seminiferous tubule fluid
5) ABP secretion
6) endocrine feedback regulation inhibin

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9
Q

Epididymis

A

Prior to arriving to the epididymis soermnsre on motile and infertile

Concentates sperm through reabsorption of seminiferous fluid also protects spermnwith defending

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10
Q

Onset of capacitation

A

Sperm obtain the ability to fertilize the egg and become some what mobile in the epididymis

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11
Q

Ductus deferens or vas deferens

A

Storage site can be days in length

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12
Q

Seminal vesicle empties into ___

Prostate __

Bulbourethral gland

A

Ejaculatoty duct

Alkanline fluid clogging and enzymes

Mucus like substance

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13
Q

The make sexual act

A

Excitement

Plateau

Orgasmic

Resolution phase

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14
Q

Oogenesis

A

All available gametes are usually produced by the fifth month of gestation

2 million primary oocytes survive

Meiotic division begins just before birth but it’s Not completed

Maintained in a state of meiotic arrest until puberty

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15
Q

All primary oocytes are surround by a single cell layer known as

A

Zona pellucida

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16
Q

The primary follicle encompasses the ___

A

Primary oocytes
Single layer of granulosa
Thecal cells

Separated by the basement membrane

17
Q

Three phases of ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase

Ovulation phase

Luteal phase - prepreation of the corpus luteum

18
Q

Ovulation is controlled by

A

LH and FSH

19
Q

Fertilization means the corpus luteum

No fertilization means the corpus luteum becomes

A

Continues to geow

Becomes the corpus albincans

20
Q

Acrosomal reaction

A

Enzymes allow the sperm to drill through the corona radiata and the zona pellucida

21
Q

Fertillin on the sperm membrane binds to ___ on the oocytes surface

A

Integrin

22
Q

Acrosomal reaction induces a change in the oocytes membrane which blocks…

A

Polyspermy

23
Q

On entry into the cell the sperm release ___ which induces a release of stored ___ and this is believed to initiate the final meiotic division in the oocyte

A

NO

Ca

24
Q

Twins

A

Occur in about 1:80-90 pregnancies

Dizygotic or ferternal twins are the result of fertilization of two oocytes

Monozygotic or maternal twins are the result of the early embryo dividing in two

25
Q

After about the third day of fertilization approximately 32 cells are called the

A

Morula

26
Q

The inner cell mass develop into the

A

Embryo

27
Q

___ supports the cells dividing at the pole during intrauterine life

A

Blastocyst

28
Q

Formation of the placenta

A

12 days the enbryo is completely embedded and the trophoblast is 2 cell layers thick = chorion

Chorionic villi project into the endometrial spaces filled with maternal blood

Villi contain embryonic capillaries

Interlocking maternal and fetal tissue = placenta

29
Q

Placental hormones

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

  • produced by the blastocyst to preserve the corpus luteum
  • progesterone will inhibit LH release

Human placental lactogen
- involved with mammary glands development also involved with regulating maternal metabolism

Physiology (15 decks)

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