Reproduction Flashcards
Gametes =
Tests and ovaries
Gameotogenesis
Process by which sperm or ova are produced
Testes development
From gonadal ridge
Descend through inguunal canal
Leydig cells
Lie within the intersitium between seminiferous tubules
Spermatogonia
Undifferentiated germ cells containing diploid competent if 23 pairs of chromosomes
Spermatozoa
Fully differentiated sperm cells containing anrandom haploid set of chromosomes
3 steps to spermatogonia
Mitotic proliferation
Meiosis
Packaging
Sertoli cells
1) protect sperm cells
2) feed sperm cells
3) remove unwanted material
4) secrete seminiferous tubule fluid
5) ABP secretion
6) endocrine feedback regulation inhibin
Epididymis
Prior to arriving to the epididymis soermnsre on motile and infertile
Concentates sperm through reabsorption of seminiferous fluid also protects spermnwith defending
Onset of capacitation
Sperm obtain the ability to fertilize the egg and become some what mobile in the epididymis
Ductus deferens or vas deferens
Storage site can be days in length
Seminal vesicle empties into ___
Prostate __
Bulbourethral gland
Ejaculatoty duct
Alkanline fluid clogging and enzymes
Mucus like substance
The make sexual act
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasmic
Resolution phase
Oogenesis
All available gametes are usually produced by the fifth month of gestation
2 million primary oocytes survive
Meiotic division begins just before birth but it’s Not completed
Maintained in a state of meiotic arrest until puberty
All primary oocytes are surround by a single cell layer known as
Zona pellucida
The primary follicle encompasses the ___
Primary oocytes
Single layer of granulosa
Thecal cells
Separated by the basement membrane
Three phases of ovarian cycle
Follicular phase
Ovulation phase
Luteal phase - prepreation of the corpus luteum
Ovulation is controlled by
LH and FSH
Fertilization means the corpus luteum
No fertilization means the corpus luteum becomes
Continues to geow
Becomes the corpus albincans
Acrosomal reaction
Enzymes allow the sperm to drill through the corona radiata and the zona pellucida
Fertillin on the sperm membrane binds to ___ on the oocytes surface
Integrin
Acrosomal reaction induces a change in the oocytes membrane which blocks…
Polyspermy
On entry into the cell the sperm release ___ which induces a release of stored ___ and this is believed to initiate the final meiotic division in the oocyte
NO
Ca
Twins
Occur in about 1:80-90 pregnancies
Dizygotic or ferternal twins are the result of fertilization of two oocytes
Monozygotic or maternal twins are the result of the early embryo dividing in two
After about the third day of fertilization approximately 32 cells are called the
Morula
The inner cell mass develop into the
Embryo
___ supports the cells dividing at the pole during intrauterine life
Blastocyst
Formation of the placenta
12 days the enbryo is completely embedded and the trophoblast is 2 cell layers thick = chorion
Chorionic villi project into the endometrial spaces filled with maternal blood
Villi contain embryonic capillaries
Interlocking maternal and fetal tissue = placenta
Placental hormones
Human chorionic gonadotropin
- produced by the blastocyst to preserve the corpus luteum
- progesterone will inhibit LH release
Human placental lactogen
- involved with mammary glands development also involved with regulating maternal metabolism
