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Physiology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system innervate

A

Innervate organs whose functions are not usually under voluntary control

Autonomic means self governed so it is involuntary

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2
Q

Reflexes are important for autonomic control because

A

May involve sensory info causing changes in autonomic output in order to return to a set point (negative feedback)

May elicit feedforward responses

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3
Q

What are effectors of the autonomic nervous system

A

Visceral organs and blood vessels

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4
Q

Sensory info of the autonomic nervous system may be processed within …

A

Hypothalamus
Limbic system
Or even at the spinal cord level

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5
Q

Most visceral effectors do not NEED the ANS to function only to do what?
Example?

A

Only to adjust their activity to match the body’s needs to maintain homeostasis

Ie) heart rate

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6
Q

What is the general autonomic nerve pathway

A

Extends from CNS to an innervated organ

Two neuron chain

  • preganglionic fibre
  • postganglionic fibre
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7
Q

What are pre and post ganglionic fibres

A

Pre= synapses with cell body of second neuron

Post= innervates effector organ or tissue

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8
Q

What’s a ganglion

A

Mass or group of neuronal cell bodies knot-like mass of tissue

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9
Q

The sympathetic nervous system cell bodies and axons of preganglionics originate where?

A

The thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

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10
Q

Sympathetic nervous system pre and post ganglionic differences

A

Pre = mostly are short

Post= long

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11
Q

What are the three things axons do after exiting the spinal cord in the sympathetic

A

1) make a synapse in a sympathetic chain ganglion
2) pass thru SCG and synapse in the Adrenal Medulla
3) pass thru SCG and synapse in a collateral ganglion

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12
Q

What do preganglionic fibres release in the sympathetic

A

ACh

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13
Q

What do postganglionic fibres release in the sympathetic

A

NE

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14
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system fibres originate from

A

Cranial and sacral areas of CNS

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15
Q

What are parasympathetic pre and post ganglionic fibres differences

A

Pre = are longer

Post = VERY short

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16
Q

What do preganglionic fibres release in the parasympathetic

A

ACh

17
Q

What do postganglionic fibres release in the parasympathetic

A

ACh

Note difference!

18
Q

Each postganglionic neuron receives synapses from many _____

This means convergence!!

A

Preganglionics

19
Q

Nervous system each preganglionic neuron branches many times to synapse on many different postganglionic neurons this called

What’s the ratio of pre:post neurons

A

Divergence

In SNS
- 1:10 to 1:30

In PNS
- 1:4 (LOWER THEN SNS)

20
Q

The four cranial nerves that have parasympathetic function are

A

Oculomotor = controls the lens and pupil of the eye

Facial nerve = tear glands, salivary glands and nasal glands

Glossopharyngeal = salivary glands

Vagus = 70-90% of allPNS fibres and innervates the viscera

21
Q

What cranial never is the vagus nerve and what organs does it innervate

A

Known as wandering 10 (many branches)

Innervate all organs except adrenal medulla and some parts of the colon

22
Q

The vagus nerve is part of a reflex arc what are the 3 steps

A

1) vagus nerve carries sensory info from most of the viscera. Many of these sensory afferents project topographically to Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (NST or NTS) in the brainstem
2) the sensory info is processed within the NTS
3) vagus nerve carries efferent information to regulate organ function

23
Q

The SNS tends to have a longer lasting effect the the PNS on target organs because ..

A

1) ACh quickly broken down by acetylcholinesterase

2) NE more persistent than ACh. Breakdown mechanisms are slower for ACh
- Ne transported back into the neuron
- NE degraded by catechol-O-methyl transferase and monoamine oxidase
- Ne picked up by blood

24
Q

What are the receptors on target organs for the ANS

A

SNS (NE)
-a1, a2, b1, b2, b3

PNS (ACh)

  • nicotinic AChR
  • muscarinic AChR (m1, m2, m3)
25
Q

What do each receptor of the SNS do

A 
A1= phospholipase c
A2= decrease cAMP
B1= increase cAMP
B2= increase AND decrease cAMP
B3= increase cAMP
26
Q

What do each receptor of the PNS do

A

Nicotinic AChR = ligand gated ion channel

Muscarinic AChR (GPCR)

  • m1= phospholipase c
  • m2= decrease cAMP
  • m3= phospholipase c
27
Q

SNS activates the _____ to release massive amounts of what

A

Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine

28
Q

Exocrine pancreas does what

A

Production of enzymes such as trypsin pancreatic lipase and pancreatic amylase

29
Q

Rest and digest = what division of the ANs

A

PNS

30
Q

Fight or flight = what division of the ANs

A

SNS

31
Q

Most of your internal organs have dual innervation which means

A

Input from both SNS and PNS

Not always balanced
- digestive has much more PNS then SNS

32
Q

Dual innervation effects can be ____ or ____

A

Antagonistic or complimentary

33
Q

Antagonistic examples

A

The heart is innervated by both P and S

  • SNS INCREASES heart rate and force
  • PNS DECREASES heart rate and force

The iris is innervated by both

  • SNS innervated the pupillary DIALATOR
  • PSS innervated the pupillary CONSTRICTOR
34
Q

Complimentary examples

A

Activation of SNS and PNS produce similar results

  • Salivary glands are increased by both (different kinds of saliva tho)
    PNS = watery enzyme rich
    SNS = mucus
  • male sexual response PNS is responsible for erection SNS is responsible for ejaculation
    Point and Shoot
35
Q

Control without dual innervation

What only uses sympathetic innervation

A

Adrenal medulla
Sweat glands
Smooth muscle of most blood vessels

36
Q

What are the CNS centres contributing to ANS regulation

A

Limbic system
- integration of sensory and emotional responses with auto output

Hypothalamus

  • major control centre for auto control
  • hunger thirst thermoregulation emotions and sexuality

Brain stem
-gives rise to nuclei of cranial nerves that mediate several autonomic responses

Spinal cord
- autonomic response as the dedication and pee reflexes are integrated in the spinal cord

Physiology (15 decks)

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