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Animal Science 100 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Reproduction is …

A

the process by which animals produce offspring for the purpose of continuing the species

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2
Q

The process of reproduction begins with …

A

copulation which is the mating of a male and a female of the species

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3
Q

Reproduction’s second step is …

A

sperm cells from the male are deposited in the female reproductive tract and try to untie with egg

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4
Q

Reproduction’s third step is …

A

when fertilization (a sperm cell and egg cell unite) occurs and an embryo begins to develop

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5
Q

Reproduction’s fourth step is …

A

The embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus where it is protected, receives nourishment
and develops

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6
Q

Reproduction’s fifth step is …

A

When the new offspring reaches the end of the gestation period, it is delivered from the
female reproductive tract in a process called parturition

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7
Q

The male reproductive anatomy consists of …

A
  • Gametes
  • Scrotum
  • Testes
  • Epididymus
  • Vas Deferens
  • Accessory Glands
  • Penis
  • Sigmoid Flexure
  • Retractor Penis Muscle
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8
Q

What is a Gamete?

A

it is a sperm cell

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9
Q

Gametes are responsible for …

A
  • Production
  • Storage
  • Deposition
  • Produces the male sex hormone
  • is a passageway for expelling urine
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10
Q

What is the function of the Scrotum?

A

it is to protect and support the testes

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11
Q

The scrotum responsible for …

A
  • Protecting the sperm cells

- Regulating temperature

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12
Q

What muscles are responsible for raising or lowering the testes?

A
  • Cremaster muscle
  • Spermatic cord
  • Tunica dartos muscle
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13
Q

What temperature should the scrotum be in order for normal sperm development?

A

4 to 6 degrees below body temperature

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14
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A
  • Produce sperm

- Produce testosterone

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15
Q

The seminiferous tubes are located where?

A

In the testes

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16
Q

The seminiferous tubes are the site for what?

A

Sperm production and maturation

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17
Q

The interstitial cells (Leydig) produce what?

A

Testosterone

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18
Q

What structure in the male is responsible for further maturation, storage and transportation of sperm cell?

A

Epididymis

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19
Q

True or False: Because location of the testes varies on livestock animals, the location of the epididymis varies as well.

A

True

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20
Q

What is another name for the Vas Deferens?

A

Ductus Deferens

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21
Q

The function of the Vas Deferens is to …

A
  • Transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
  • Carries urine from the bladder
  • Carries sperm and fluid from accessory sex organs
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22
Q

The accessory glands include …

A
  • Seminal vesicles (vesicular glands)
  • Prostate glands
  • Bulbourethral glands (cowper’s glands)
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23
Q

The job of the Seminal vesicles (vesicular glands) is …

A

Secrete fluids providing energy and buffers to sperm

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24
Q

The job of the Prostate glands is …

A

Secrete a thick, milky fluid high in organic ions

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25
The job of the Bulbourethral glands (cowper's glands) is ...
Secrete fluids before ejaculation to clean urethra
26
Name the functions of the penis.
- Is a passageway for semen and urine | - Deposits semen in the female reproductive tract
27
What are the two types of penises in livestock animals?
- Fibroelastic penis | - Vascular penis
28
Fibroelastic penis is found in what animals?
Bulls, rams, boars
29
Vascular penis is found in what animals?
Stallions
30
Fibroelastic penis is composed of ...
connective tissue and little on blood for erections.
31
Vascular penis is composed of ...
supplied with blood vessels.
32
The Sigmoid Flexure ...
- Has an s-shaped curve | - Allows for penis retraction
33
What animals do not have a sigmoid flexure?
Stallions and Humans
34
The function of the ovaries is ...
Produce female hormones
35
The female hormones produced in the ovaries are ...
Estrogen and Progesterone
36
True or False: Estrogen stimulates the development of secondary sex organs and sexual receptivity.
True
37
True or False: Progesterone maintains uterine lining during pregnancy, keeps estrus from occurring, and causes mammary system to develop.
True
38
A blister-like mass on the surface of an ovary containing a developing ovum (egg) is ...
The Follicle
39
The function of the Follicle is to ...
- Holds the growing ovum | - Produce and store estrogen
40
Estrogen is secreted from follicle to signal ...
the remainder of the reproductive tract to prepare for ovulation.
41
At _____, the follicle ruptures, expels the ovum, enters the infundibulum and awaits fertilization in the _____.
Ovulation, Oviduct
42
What is the function of the Corpus Luteum (CL) and where is it located?
- Forms after ovum is released from the follicle | - Produces progesterone
43
True or False: The uterus is the site of fertilization.
False the site of fertilization is the oviduct.
44
Oviducts:
transport eggs from ovary to uterus
45
Ovulation is the process of _______ an ovum from the _____ follicle of an ovary.
Discharging, Mature
46
The uterus consists of ...
horns and a body
47
Where is the site of embryonic growth and placental / fetal development?
The uterus
48
True or False: The uterus does not vary in size with different animals.
False
49
What separates the uterus and the vagina?
The cervix
50
What part of the female reproductive tract is the birthing canal at parturition?
The vagina
51
The vagina is a passageway for expelling _____ ______.
Liquid wastes
52
True or False: The estrous cycle will not repeat itself as long as the female is not pregnant.
False : It will repeat as long as the female is not pregnant and will stop if the female becomes pregnant
53
Estrous:
The female reproductive cycle
54
Estrus:
When the female is in heat.
55
Estrous is controlled by hormones preparing the reproductive tract ovulation and pregnancy Includes two phases:
- Follicular phase | - Luteal phase
56
What is the short phase of the Estrous cycle? | What is the long phase?
Short: Follicular Long: Luteal phase
57
If an animal is seasonal polyestrous it means that ...
cycles occur only during certain times of the year
58
Long day breeders:
cycle when day lengths increases (ex: horses)
59
Short day breeders:
cycle when day length decreases (ex: sheep)
60
If an animal is monoestrous it means that ...
one cycle per year; estrus periods last for several days (ex: dogs)
61
If an animal is polysetrous it mens that ...
uniform, regularly occurring estrous cycles throughout the ear (ex: cattle)
62
What are the 4 stages of the Estrous cycle?
- Proestrus - Estrus - Metestrus - Diestrus
63
Proestrus:
begins after the CL regresses and ends at the onset of estrus, period of follicle growth
64
Estrus:
period of sexual receptivity or “heat” that varies between species
65
Metestrus:
early postovulatory period / CL begins to develop
66
Diestrus:
begins apx. four days after ovulation and ends with the regression of the CL
67
LH
Luteinizing Hormone
68
FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
69
P4
Progesterone
70
E2
Estrogen
71
Before ovulation ...
the egg cell is contained in a follicle
72
What are the functions of Progesterone?
- Prepares uterus for implantation of the embryo - Stops other eggs from forming - Maintain pregnancy condition - Develops mammary glands which produce milk to feed young after they are born
73
Gestation is the time in which females are ...
Pregnant
74
The process of giving birth is called ...
Parturition
75
Cow:
- Estrous: 21 days - Estrus: 18 hour average - Gestation: 283-285 days
76
Sow:
- Estrous: 21 day average - Estrus: 2 day average - Gestation: 114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)
77
Ewe:
- Estrous: 17 day average - Estrus: 30 hour average - Gestation: 147-150 days
78
Poultry and Rabbits are used for ...
Stud mating

Animal Science 100 (5 decks)

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