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Animal Science 100 > Animal Health > Flashcards

Animal Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Animal Health refers to the _______ _____ _____ of animals.

A

Physical well being

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2
Q

Animal Health is effected by (11) …

A
  • Infectious disease
  • Non-infectious disease
  • Animal density
  • Stress
  • Boredom
  • Nutrition
  • Availability of water
  • Temperature
  • Sanitation
  • Attention
  • Shelter
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3
Q

What does a healthy animal look like?

A
  • Ears and head up
  • Bright eyes
  • Smooth bright hair coat
  • Hang out with the flock/herd
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4
Q

What does a healthy animal do?

A
  • Eat / Drink
  • Run / Play
  • Role / Lay in the dirt
  • Nurse
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5
Q

What does an unhealthy animal look like?

A
  • Listlessness
  • Rough hair coat
  • Drooping head
  • Dull eyes
  • Arched back
  • Slow to move
  • Seperation
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6
Q

What does an unhealthy animal do?

A
  • Doesn’t eat / nurse
  • Doesn’t play
  • Doesn’t drink
  • Isolation
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7
Q

Define: Mortality:

A

Death loss

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8
Q

Define: Morbid:

A

Diseased or unhealthy (Morbidity)

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9
Q

Define: Disease:

A

Deviation from normal which temporarily impairs vital functions

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10
Q

What types of disease are there?

A
  • Anatomical
  • Physiological
  • Chemical
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11
Q

Define: Antibody:

A

Proteins (immunoglobulins) produced by cells (B-Lymphocytes) in the body that attack foreign bodies (antigen)

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12
Q

Define: Antibiotic:

A

Is a chemical substance produced by various species of microorganisms and is used as a pharmaceutical to suppress growth of other microorganisms

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13
Q

Define: Zoonotic Disease:

A

Can be passed from animal to humans

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14
Q

Define: Contagious Disease:

A

Infectious disease that is spread rapidly

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15
Q

Economic loss to producers via animal loss: ____% of potential gross income

A

15

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16
Q

Economic loss to producers via animal loss:________% of farm animals die before weaning

A

10 - 20

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17
Q

Economic loss to producers via animal loss: _____% of broilers die before reaching market weight

A

2 - 4

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18
Q

Economic loss to producers via animal loss: __% death loss of laying hens per month

A

1

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19
Q

Other economic factors to animal heath are …

A
  • Vaccines
  • Treatments
  • Veterinarian
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20
Q

Animal Welfare: Refers to how well animals are able to cope with_______ _________.

A

Living conditions

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21
Q

Animal Welfare: Refers to proper _________ and ____ of animals.

A

Treatment, Care

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22
Q

Animal Welfare is based on the following …

A
  • Mental state of the animal

- Living conditions of the animal

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23
Q

Animal Welfare: Refers to the ___, ______, and _______ of animals

A

Care, Control, Handling

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24
Q

Animal Welfare: Should maximize an animal’s ability to ____, reproduce and maintain _______ health.

A

Grow, Adequate

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25
Q

Define: Welfare:

A

Healthy, comfortable, well nourished and safe living environment.

26
Q

Define: Both:

A

Proper housing, nutrition, and health management .

27
Q

Define: Management:

A

Proper care, handling, and control of animals.

28
Q

What behaviors and habits should an animal owner know in order to have health management?

A
  • Eating habits
  • Drinking habits
  • Movement
29
Q

Health Management: Requires the recognition of _______ animal behaviors.

A

Abnormal

30
Q

Health Management: Minimize stress-causing problems such as _____, _______ or _______.

A

Injury, Illness, Disease

31
Q

Health Management: Include the following health precautions:

A
  • Observation
  • Sanitation
  • Vaccination
32
Q

Wha tis a parasite?

A

Living organisms which have various life cycles that are transmitted to host animals through contact or ingestion.

33
Q

Parasites can be ______ or ______.

A

External, Internal

34
Q

True or False: Parasites can never be controlled and prevented.

A

False: Parasites can be controlled effectively with proper testing and the administration of preventive medication

35
Q

Common Internal Parasites are …

A
  • Strongyles
  • Roundworm
  • Pingworm
  • Lungworm
  • Whipworm
  • Tapeworm
  • Liver flukes
36
Q

Symptoms of internal parasites are …

A
  • Dull hair
  • Weight loss / poor appetite
  • Unthrifty
  • Scratching / tail rubbing
  • Fever
  • Coughing / hard breathing
  • Diarrhea / bloody diarrhea
  • Death
37
Q

Common External Parasites are …

A
  • Ticks
  • Lice
  • Mites
  • Heel flies
  • Horn flies
  • Flies
  • Horse bot
  • Nasal bot
38
Q

Symptoms of external parasites are …

A
  • Irritation / rubbing
  • Nasal discharge
  • Scratching / lesion
  • Anemia
  • Unthrifty
  • Weight loss / low gains
  • Rough hair coat
39
Q

Common Nutritional Diseases are …

A
  • Grass tetany
  • Bloat
  • Colic
  • Enterotoxemia (overeating disease)
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Milk fever
  • White muscle disease
  • Hardware disease
40
Q

Grass Tetany (Grass Staggers or Wheat Pasture Poisoning) is caused by …

A

low levels of magnesium in the blood

41
Q

Grass Tetany symptoms include …

A
  • Uncoordinated gait
  • Convulsions
  • Coma
  • Death
42
Q

Treatment of grass tetany is …

A
  • Restoring magnesium levels through the following methods

- Adding magnesium oxide powder into feed or pasture

43
Q

True or False: Bloat only occurs in cattle.

A

False: it occurs in all ruminants

44
Q

Bloat refers to …

A

Rapid fermentation producing excess gas or foam in the rumen.

45
Q

Bloat is caused by …

A

consuming highly concentrated rations and lush legume pastures.

46
Q

Symptoms of bloat include …

A
  • Abdominal distention on the left side
  • Loss of appetite
  • Respiratory distress
47
Q

Treatment of bloat includes …

A
  • Keeping animal on feet and moving
  • Drenching with mineral oil or poloxane
  • Putting stomach tube down throat to relieve pressure from gas
48
Q

How do you prevent bloating?

A
  • Feeding dry roughage with a mix of grasses

- Keeping animals from eating excess of lush green

49
Q

Colic Is caused by a wide range of conditions affected the digestive tract, including …

A
  • Sudden change in feed
  • A predominantly concentrate diet
  • Cribbing
  • Lack of water
  • Presence of bloodworms
50
Q

Symptoms of colic include …

A
  • Distended abdomen
  • Rolling and kicking
  • Excruciating pain
  • Sweating
  • Constipation
51
Q

True or False: colic will always result in a twisted stomach.

A

False: it can result in a twisted stomach but doesn’t always

52
Q

How do you treat colic?

A
  • Walking the horse
  • Administering banamine
  • Talking to veterinarian: Animal might need sedatives, laxatives, pain medication, or surgery
53
Q

How can colic be prevented?

A
  • Feeding small rations
  • Feeding good quality roughages
  • Providing clean water
  • Monitoring eating habits
  • Controlling internal parasites
54
Q

Enterotoxemia is also known as …

A

Overeating Disease

55
Q

Enterotoxemia is caused by …

A

Toxins produced by naturally occurring intestinal bacteria: Clostridium perfringens types C and D

56
Q

Enterotoxemia mainly effects …

A

Sheep and goats

57
Q

Enterotoxemia occurs when …

A

an animal consumes excessive amounts of high energy feeds or milk

58
Q

Symptoms of enterotoxemia are …

A
  • Sudden death
  • Diarrhea
  • Neurologic signs:
    - Circling
    - Head pressing
    - Incoordination
    - Convulsions
59
Q

Treatment of enterotoxemia includes …

A
  • Administering antitoxins
  • Administering oral antibiotics
  • Feeding hay
60
Q

Prevention of enterotoxemia includes …

A
  • Slowly introducing concentrates
  • Carefully regulating energy intake
  • Administering a vaccine against clostridium perfringens types C and D to pregnant and young animals at apx. four weeks of age

Animal Science 100 (5 decks)

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