Animal Health Flashcards
Animal Health refers to the _______ _____ _____ of animals.
Physical well being
Animal Health is effected by (11) …
- Infectious disease
- Non-infectious disease
- Animal density
- Stress
- Boredom
- Nutrition
- Availability of water
- Temperature
- Sanitation
- Attention
- Shelter
What does a healthy animal look like?
- Ears and head up
- Bright eyes
- Smooth bright hair coat
- Hang out with the flock/herd
What does a healthy animal do?
- Eat / Drink
- Run / Play
- Role / Lay in the dirt
- Nurse
What does an unhealthy animal look like?
- Listlessness
- Rough hair coat
- Drooping head
- Dull eyes
- Arched back
- Slow to move
- Seperation
What does an unhealthy animal do?
- Doesn’t eat / nurse
- Doesn’t play
- Doesn’t drink
- Isolation
Define: Mortality:
Death loss
Define: Morbid:
Diseased or unhealthy (Morbidity)
Define: Disease:
Deviation from normal which temporarily impairs vital functions
What types of disease are there?
- Anatomical
- Physiological
- Chemical
Define: Antibody:
Proteins (immunoglobulins) produced by cells (B-Lymphocytes) in the body that attack foreign bodies (antigen)
Define: Antibiotic:
Is a chemical substance produced by various species of microorganisms and is used as a pharmaceutical to suppress growth of other microorganisms
Define: Zoonotic Disease:
Can be passed from animal to humans
Define: Contagious Disease:
Infectious disease that is spread rapidly
Economic loss to producers via animal loss: ____% of potential gross income
15
Economic loss to producers via animal loss:________% of farm animals die before weaning
10 - 20
Economic loss to producers via animal loss: _____% of broilers die before reaching market weight
2 - 4
Economic loss to producers via animal loss: __% death loss of laying hens per month
1
Other economic factors to animal heath are …
- Vaccines
- Treatments
- Veterinarian
Animal Welfare: Refers to how well animals are able to cope with_______ _________.
Living conditions
Animal Welfare: Refers to proper _________ and ____ of animals.
Treatment, Care
Animal Welfare is based on the following …
- Mental state of the animal
- Living conditions of the animal
Animal Welfare: Refers to the ___, ______, and _______ of animals
Care, Control, Handling
Animal Welfare: Should maximize an animal’s ability to ____, reproduce and maintain _______ health.
Grow, Adequate
Define: Welfare:
Healthy, comfortable, well nourished and safe living environment.
Define: Both:
Proper housing, nutrition, and health management .
Define: Management:
Proper care, handling, and control of animals.
What behaviors and habits should an animal owner know in order to have health management?
- Eating habits
- Drinking habits
- Movement
Health Management: Requires the recognition of _______ animal behaviors.
Abnormal
Health Management: Minimize stress-causing problems such as _____, _______ or _______.
Injury, Illness, Disease
Health Management: Include the following health precautions:
- Observation
- Sanitation
- Vaccination
Wha tis a parasite?
Living organisms which have various life cycles that are transmitted to host animals through contact or ingestion.
Parasites can be ______ or ______.
External, Internal
True or False: Parasites can never be controlled and prevented.
False: Parasites can be controlled effectively with proper testing and the administration of preventive medication
Common Internal Parasites are …
- Strongyles
- Roundworm
- Pingworm
- Lungworm
- Whipworm
- Tapeworm
- Liver flukes
Symptoms of internal parasites are …
- Dull hair
- Weight loss / poor appetite
- Unthrifty
- Scratching / tail rubbing
- Fever
- Coughing / hard breathing
- Diarrhea / bloody diarrhea
- Death
Common External Parasites are …
- Ticks
- Lice
- Mites
- Heel flies
- Horn flies
- Flies
- Horse bot
- Nasal bot
Symptoms of external parasites are …
- Irritation / rubbing
- Nasal discharge
- Scratching / lesion
- Anemia
- Unthrifty
- Weight loss / low gains
- Rough hair coat
Common Nutritional Diseases are …
- Grass tetany
- Bloat
- Colic
- Enterotoxemia (overeating disease)
- Lactic acidosis
- Milk fever
- White muscle disease
- Hardware disease
Grass Tetany (Grass Staggers or Wheat Pasture Poisoning) is caused by …
low levels of magnesium in the blood
Grass Tetany symptoms include …
- Uncoordinated gait
- Convulsions
- Coma
- Death
Treatment of grass tetany is …
- Restoring magnesium levels through the following methods
- Adding magnesium oxide powder into feed or pasture
True or False: Bloat only occurs in cattle.
False: it occurs in all ruminants
Bloat refers to …
Rapid fermentation producing excess gas or foam in the rumen.
Bloat is caused by …
consuming highly concentrated rations and lush legume pastures.
Symptoms of bloat include …
- Abdominal distention on the left side
- Loss of appetite
- Respiratory distress
Treatment of bloat includes …
- Keeping animal on feet and moving
- Drenching with mineral oil or poloxane
- Putting stomach tube down throat to relieve pressure from gas
How do you prevent bloating?
- Feeding dry roughage with a mix of grasses
- Keeping animals from eating excess of lush green
Colic Is caused by a wide range of conditions affected the digestive tract, including …
- Sudden change in feed
- A predominantly concentrate diet
- Cribbing
- Lack of water
- Presence of bloodworms
Symptoms of colic include …
- Distended abdomen
- Rolling and kicking
- Excruciating pain
- Sweating
- Constipation
True or False: colic will always result in a twisted stomach.
False: it can result in a twisted stomach but doesn’t always
How do you treat colic?
- Walking the horse
- Administering banamine
- Talking to veterinarian: Animal might need sedatives, laxatives, pain medication, or surgery
How can colic be prevented?
- Feeding small rations
- Feeding good quality roughages
- Providing clean water
- Monitoring eating habits
- Controlling internal parasites
Enterotoxemia is also known as …
Overeating Disease
Enterotoxemia is caused by …
Toxins produced by naturally occurring intestinal bacteria: Clostridium perfringens types C and D
Enterotoxemia mainly effects …
Sheep and goats
Enterotoxemia occurs when …
an animal consumes excessive amounts of high energy feeds or milk
Symptoms of enterotoxemia are …
- Sudden death
- Diarrhea
- Neurologic signs:
- Circling
- Head pressing
- Incoordination
- Convulsions
Treatment of enterotoxemia includes …
- Administering antitoxins
- Administering oral antibiotics
- Feeding hay
Prevention of enterotoxemia includes …
- Slowly introducing concentrates
- Carefully regulating energy intake
- Administering a vaccine against clostridium perfringens types C and D to pregnant and young animals at apx. four weeks of age
