Reproduction Flashcards
What’s sexual reproduction?
Fusion of male and female gametes, leading to variety in offspring
Why does sexual reproduction give rise to variation in offspring?
As there’s a mixture of genetic information from two parents
What’s asexual reproduction?
No fusion of gametes, as there’s only one parent, giving genetically identical copies of the parent- clones
Why doesn’t asexual reproduction give rise to variation in offspring?
No mixing of genetic material
How can new plants be produced quickly and cheaply?
Taking cuttings from older plants
Plant cuttings are genetically identical to…
The parent plant
What’s tissue culture?
Using small groups of cells from part of a plant
How do embryo transplants work?
Split apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers
How does adult cell cloning work?
Nucleus removed from an unfertilised egg cell, nucleus from an adult body cell inserted into the egg cell, electric shock causes the egg cell to begin to divide to form embryo cells, once developed into a tiny ball of cells it’s inserted into the uterus of an adult female to continue development
In adult cell cloning, what does the embryo cell contain the same genetic information as?
The adult body cell from which the nucleus is removed
What happens in genetic engineering?
Desired genes from chromosomes are cut out using enzymes and transferred cells of other organisms at an early stage of development
What does a genetically engineered organism develop with?
The desired characteristic transferred to it
Crop plants can have new genes…
Transferred
What are crops that have had their genes modified called?
Genetically modified
What type of things are GM crops resistant to?
Insect attack or herbicides
