Control in the Human Body

Question 1

What 4 internal conditions are controlled?

Answer 1

Water content of the body, ion content of the body, temperature, blood sugar levels

Question 2

How does water leave the body?

Answer 2

Via the lungs when we breathe out, via the skin when we sweat to cool us down

Question 3

How does excess water leave the body?

Answer 3

Via the kidneys in urine

Question 4

How are ions lost in the body?

Answer 4

Via sweat and excess via the kidneys in urine

Question 5

Why is temperature controlled?

Answer 5

To maintain the temperature at which enzymes work best

Question 6

Why are blood sugar levels controlled?

Answer 6

To provide cells with a constant supply of energy

Question 7

What are hormones secreted by?

Answer 7

Glands

Question 8

What are many processes within the body coordinated by?

Answer 8

Hormones

Question 9

How are hormones transported to their target organs?

Answer 9

By the bloodstream

Question 10

What do hormones regulate the functions of?

Answer 10

Many organs and cells

Question 11

Give an example of hormones regulating the functions of organs and cells

Answer 11

During the monthly release of an egg from a woman’s ovaries

Question 12

Where are FSH and LH secreted from?

Answer 12

Pituitary gland

Question 13

Where does oestrogen come from?

Answer 13

Ovaries

Question 14

What 2 things does FSH do?

Answer 14

Causes eggs to mature in the ovaries, and stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 15

What does LH do?

Answer 15

Stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary

Question 16

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 16

Inhibits further production of FSH

Question 17

What may oral contraceptives contain? Why?

Answer 17

Oestrogen and progesterone- inhibit egg maturation

Question 18

What did the first birth-control pills contain lots of?

Answer 18

Oestrogen- resulting in women suffering significant side effects

Question 19

What does progesterone-only pills lead to?

Answer 19

Fewer side effects

Question 20

What do birth-control pills now contain low doses of?

Answer 20

Oestrogen

Question 21

What are women having IVF given? Why?

Answer 21

FSH and LH to stimulate the maturation of several eggs

Question 22

After the eggs are matured, what happens to them?

Answer 22

They are collected from the mother and fertilised by sperm from the father

Question 23

What do the fertilised eggs develop into?

Answer 23

Embryos

Question 24

What’s the next stage of IVF after embryos are developed?

Answer 24

One or two embryos are inserted into the mother’s uterus

Question 25

What are the 2 types of drug that hormones are used in?

Answer 25

Oral contraceptives (oestrogen and progesterone), and fertility drugs (LH and FSH)

Question 26

Who are given fertility drugs?

Answer 26

Women whose own level of FSH is too low to stimulate eggs to mature