Reproduction Flashcards
What is the lining of the uterus? {female}
This thickens every month in order to receive a fertilised egg
What is the Uterus? {womb} {female}
This is where a foetus will develop
What is the Oviduct {Fallopian tube} {female}
Eggs travel along this tube on the way to the Uterus
What is a testicle? {male}
Sperm is made here
When does the height spurt in most girls end?
Fourteen years
What is the cervix? {female}
This is the narrow opening between the vagina and uterus
What is the Sperm Duct? {male}
Sperm travels along this on the way to the urethra
What is the vagina? {female}
Sperm enters the body here
Who starts puberty first, girls or boys?
Girls start puberty first.
What is the Ovum? {female}
The Ovum is the egg cell, and a food store
What is the Penis? {male}
Fills with blood and becomes erect before sexual intercourse - to help pass sperm into the vagina
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemicals that make puberty start.
What is the average amount of time for a woman’s menstrual cycle to take place?
28 days
What is the scrotum? {male}
It holds the testicles outside the body to keep the sperm cool
What is the hormone in men called and where is it made?
In men the hormone is called Testosterone and is made in the testicles
Where does fertilisation happen
Fertilisation happens in the Fallopian tube / oviducts
Which sperm can get into the woman’s egg cell?
The first speed that reaches the egg cell is the only one that can get in.
What is the hormone in females called and where is it made?
The hormone in females is called oestrogen and is made in the ovaries
What is the time range for a woman to have her period and does this apply to every woman?
The rough cycle is 3-7 days, however not all woman have this exact cycle, this is just the average.
How long does it take the entire menstrual cycle to happen?
It takes between 20 -40 days do the entire cycle
When does the height spurt in most boys end?
The height spurt in most boys end at sixteen years
For boys, what age does the growth of the penis start at?
The penis starts growing at twelve and a half years
What is external gestation?
External gestation is the process of the baby developing outside of the mother’s body, for example in eggs.
What is the Menstrual Cycle?
The ‘period’, it happens in girls
What happens in days 1-4 of the menstrual cycle?
If no embryo is emplaned, the cycle starts again.
The lining of the uterus begins to break down {the bleeding/menstruation/period}
How often does the fertilised egg cell divide to double the number of cells?
It takes about a day to divide.
What happens between days 4 - 14 of the menstrual cycle?
The lining of the uterus thickens and lines up again
What part of the girl takes the longest to develop?
The breasts take the longest to develop
What happens between days 14-28 of the menstrual cycle?
The Uterus lining stays thick, waiting for an embryo. If no embryo is implanted the cycle starts again.
What travels across the placenta from the mother to the foetus?
Oxygen and nutrients diffuse (travel) across the placenta from the mother to the foetus
What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?
The ovary a release an egg
Where does the umbilical cord grow and how is it joined to the foetus?
The umbilical cord grows in the wall of the uterus and is joined to the foetus by the placenta
What is fertilisation?
Fertilisation is when the nucleus of a sperm cell and the nucleus of an egg cell fuse {join} together, forming a fertilised egg
What does the placenta do?
The mothers blood does not mix with the foetus’ blood, but he placenta lets substances pass between the two blood supplies.
What is gestation?
Gestation is the process of the young developing {the nine month process of gestation in humans, for example} where the baby grows and develops.
What is external fertilisation and give an example of one species that undergoes it
External fertilisation happens outside the mother’s body, and a species that undergoes it is frogs
What is the ovary? {female}
Eggs {ova} are made, stored and released from here
How does an embryo become a foetus?
The embryo keeps dividing and these cells become specialised. At eight weeks, the embryo becomes a foetus.
What travels across the placenta from the foetus to he mother?
Waste substances such as carbon dioxide diffuse (travel) across the placenta from the foetus to the mother
What is the foetus surrounded by and what is this liquid contained in?
The foetus is surrounded by amniotic fluid, which is kept in an amniotic sac. It leaves room for the baby to move.
What is internal gestation?
Internal gestation is the process of the baby developing inside the mother’s body, for example in humans in their stomach.
Name three risky things a mother shouldn’t do when pregnant
All of the below are acceptable: Swimming Gym Smoking Drinking Sky-diving Going on a zip wire Sleeping on their stomach Running the marathon Eating a lot of food Not eating enough food
What does the umbilical cord remove from the foetus?
The umbilical cord removes waste substances from the foetus.
In external and internal gestation, which offspring is Mathew when hatched/born and which offspring is immature?
External Gestation = Mature
Internal Gestation = Immature
What is internal fertilisation and give one example of a species that undergo it
Internal fertilisation happens inside the mother’s body and a species that undergoes it is humans
What is responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients to the foetus?
The umbilical cord
How does a fertilised egg become an embryo?
The fertilised egg is one cell, it divides into 2, then 4, etc. When the ball of cells implants after 8 days, we call it an embryo.
Name three positive things a mother can do when pregnant
All of the below are acceptable: Eat lots of vegetables Eat lots of fruits Talk to your baby Get plenty of rest Try not to be under any severe stress
What is the Urethra? {male}
Sperm leave the body through this tube
What are glands? {male}
These make and add fluid to the sperm which gives them energy to swim.
{Sperm + Fluid = Semen}
What takes the longest to develop in boys?
The pubic hair takes longest to develop in boys
What is a foetus?
A foetus is a very early baby.
What happens if the lining of the uterus isn’t fertilised?
If it isn’t fertilised, the lining of the uterus breaks down and leaves the body as bleeding from the vagina. This s called menstruation or a period.
What is reproduction? {female}
Reproduction is two people or animals, one male and one female, taking part in sexual intercourse and creating a new life form
What happens to a fertilised egg?
The fertilised egg becomes an embryo which travels to the uterus and attaches to the lining of the uterus {implantation}
Why does the Menstrual Cycle happen?
The menstrual cycle happens to prepare the uterus link for a fertilised egg
