Reproduction

Question 1

Where is sperm made?

Answer 1

In the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES of the testes.

Question 2

Where is testosterone made?

Answer 2

INTERSTITIAL CELLS- the tissue between the seminiferous tubules.

Question 3

What are the accessory glands?

Answer 3

The prostate gland and the seminal vesicles.

Question 4

What are the seminal vesicles?

Answer 4

Pair of them make a thick liquid rich in fructose for energy for sperm.

Question 5

What is the prostate gland?

Answer 5

Secretes a thin lubricating liquid containing enzymes that keep the fluid at optimum viscosity for sperm mobility.

Question 6

What are the enzymes for in semen?

Answer 6

Keeps the fluid at the optimum viscosity for sperm mobility.

Question 7

What is the placenta used for?

Answer 7

The exchange of food and blood from the mother’s blood into the fetus- carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse from the blood of the fetus into the blood of the mother.

Question 8

What are prostaglandins?

Answer 8

Produced in the seminal vesicles which cause contractions in the female reproductive tract.

Question 9

What hormone is involved in preparing the endometrium for implantation?

Answer 9

Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum once the ovum has matured.

Question 10

What is the pituitary hormone which stimulates sperm production?

Answer 10

Follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 11

What is the role of FSH in females?

Answer 11

Stimulate the development and maturation of Graafian Follicle + Ovary tissue to secrete oestrogen.

Question 12

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 12

Stimulates proliferation of the endometrium and the secretion of LH in pituitary gland.
Cervical mucus changes

Question 13

How is oestrogen involved in Hormonal control?

Answer 13

Inhibits FSH so no more follicles are developed.

Question 14

What is the role of LH?

Answer 14

Develops the corpus luteum and stimulates it to produce progesterone. Stimulates ovulation.

Question 15

What does progesterone do?

Answer 15

Promotes further development and vascularisation of endometrium into spongy layer rich in blood vessels.

Question 16

how is progesterone involved in Hormonal control?

Answer 16

If fertilisation occurs it inhibits secretion of FSH and LH in pituitary gland.

Question 17

What happens during the Follicular Phase in menstruation?

Answer 17

FSH stimulates development of follicle and production of oestrogen.
High levels of oestrogen triggers LH causing ovulation at day 14.

Question 18

What happens during the Luteal Phase in menstruation?

Answer 18

LH stimulates follicle to develop into corpus luteum which stimulates the release of progesterone and oestrogen.
High levels of progesterone inhibits the release of LH and FSH.

Question 19

Stages of egg development

Answer 19

1. Primary oocytes made by meiosis by germline cells.
2. Graafian follicle develops around an ovum.
3. Ovulation occurs and ovum is released into the oviduct.
4. Corpus luteum develops, secreting progesterone.

Question 20

What is artificial insemination?

Answer 20

When there is low sperm count.

Question 21

How is artificial insemination solved?

Answer 21

Several samples of semen are frozen then defrosted and released together into the cervical region.

Question 22

What is In-vitro fertilisation?

Answer 22

The blockage of oviducts.

Question 23

How is In-vitro fertilisation solved?

Answer 23

Fertilisation occurs outside of the body in several stages.

Question 24

What is Intra-cyto plasmic sperm injection?

Answer 24

Sperm is inactive- either low count or mature sperm is defective.

Question 25

How is Intra-cyto plasmic sperm injection solved?

Answer 25

Using a syringe, healthy sperm is removed and injected directly into an egg for fertilisation- eggs held in place by holding tool.