Reproduction Flashcards
Where is sperm made?
In the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES of the testes.
Where is testosterone made?
INTERSTITIAL CELLS- the tissue between the seminiferous tubules.
What are the accessory glands?
The prostate gland and the seminal vesicles.
What are the seminal vesicles?
Pair of them make a thick liquid rich in fructose for energy for sperm.
What is the prostate gland?
Secretes a thin lubricating liquid containing enzymes that keep the fluid at optimum viscosity for sperm mobility.
What are the enzymes for in semen?
Keeps the fluid at the optimum viscosity for sperm mobility.
What is the placenta used for?
The exchange of food and blood from the mother’s blood into the fetus- carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse from the blood of the fetus into the blood of the mother.
What are prostaglandins?
Produced in the seminal vesicles which cause contractions in the female reproductive tract.
What hormone is involved in preparing the endometrium for implantation?
Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum once the ovum has matured.
What is the pituitary hormone which stimulates sperm production?
Follicle stimulating hormone.
What is the role of FSH in females?
Stimulate the development and maturation of Graafian Follicle + Ovary tissue to secrete oestrogen.
What does oestrogen do?
Stimulates proliferation of the endometrium and the secretion of LH in pituitary gland.
Cervical mucus changes
How is oestrogen involved in Hormonal control?
Inhibits FSH so no more follicles are developed.
What is the role of LH?
Develops the corpus luteum and stimulates it to produce progesterone. Stimulates ovulation.
What does progesterone do?
Promotes further development and vascularisation of endometrium into spongy layer rich in blood vessels.
how is progesterone involved in Hormonal control?
If fertilisation occurs it inhibits secretion of FSH and LH in pituitary gland.
What happens during the Follicular Phase in menstruation?
FSH stimulates development of follicle and production of oestrogen.
High levels of oestrogen triggers LH causing ovulation at day 14.
What happens during the Luteal Phase in menstruation?
LH stimulates follicle to develop into corpus luteum which stimulates the release of progesterone and oestrogen.
High levels of progesterone inhibits the release of LH and FSH.
Stages of egg development
- Primary oocytes made by meiosis by germline cells.
- Graafian follicle develops around an ovum.
- Ovulation occurs and ovum is released into the oviduct.
- Corpus luteum develops, secreting progesterone.
What is artificial insemination?
When there is low sperm count.
How is artificial insemination solved?
Several samples of semen are frozen then defrosted and released together into the cervical region.
What is In-vitro fertilisation?
The blockage of oviducts.
How is In-vitro fertilisation solved?
Fertilisation occurs outside of the body in several stages.
What is Intra-cyto plasmic sperm injection?
Sperm is inactive- either low count or mature sperm is defective.
How is Intra-cyto plasmic sperm injection solved?
Using a syringe, healthy sperm is removed and injected directly into an egg for fertilisation- eggs held in place by holding tool.
