Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Vessels get SMALLER and shrink into layers of fat for protection

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2
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Vessels EXPAND and surface over layers of fat, nearer the skin. (red faced)

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3
Q

What is the structure of arteries?

A

Outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres.
Middle layer containing smooth muscle with more elastic fibres.
Inner endothelium layer.

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4
Q

What is the role of the smooth muscle in the arteries?

A

They stretch and recoil after each contraction of the heart causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation.

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5
Q

Why do arteries vaso-constrict/dilate?

A

To control blood flow.

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6
Q

Structure of veins.

A

Same as arteries but thinner walls and larger lumen. Also contain valves.

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7
Q

Structure of capillaries.

A

1 cell thick; made from an endothelial cell.

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8
Q

What is the role of capillaries?

A

Allow exchange of substances with tissues.

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9
Q

Gives examples of substances that can be exchanged in the capillaries.

A

Water, amino acids, oxygen, CO2, waste molecules, glucose

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10
Q

What is the role of atrioventricular valves?

A

Prevent blood returning to the atria when the ventricles contract.

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11
Q

What are capillary beds?

A

Networks of capillaries which are very dense so every living cell is located close to a capillary.

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12
Q

What is the blood composed of?

A

Red blood cells; White blood cells; Plasma

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13
Q

What is plasma?

A

Composed of mainly water and other molecules such as Glucose; amino acids, respiratory gases, plasma proteins; useful ions; hormones.

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14
Q

What is pressure filtration?

A

When the blood is at high pressure arriving from the arteries, the pressure difference causes much of the plasma to be forced through the thin C walls.

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15
Q

What is the plasma called once it is pressure filtrated?

A

Tissue fluid.

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16
Q

What molecules are pushed through the C walls?

A

Dissolved gases; amino acids; useful ions; hormones.

17
Q

How is tissue fluid reabsorbed?

A

Due to osmosis.

18
Q

How is EXCESS tissue fluid reabsorbed?

A

Though thin walled lymphatic vessels which are found in connective tissue. When tissue fluid enters the lymphatic vessels it is called “lymph”

19
Q

How does the lymphatic system move lymph?

A

Movement in vessels by surrounding muscles contracting in breathing/ moving causing compression in these vessels. Vessels join into 2 lymph ducts which enter vein in arm.

20
Q

What caused odema?

A

Tissue fluid accumulates in the spaces between cells and blood vessels- CAUSES SWELLING