Cholesterol and CVD Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is cholesterol important?

A

It is a precursor for the synthesis of steroids
Basic component of all cell membranes
Lipoproteins are present in the plasma and transport lipids around the body.

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2
Q

What are Low-density lipoproteins?

A

Transport cholesterol around the body.

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3
Q

Where are LDLs produced?

A

In the liver.

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4
Q

What can too much LDLs lead to?

A

Cholesterol building up in arteries.

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5
Q

What are high-density lipoproteins?

A

Excess cholesterol is taken from body cells to the liver by HDL.
Prevents a high level of cholesterol accumulating the bloodstream.

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6
Q

Do HDLs contribute to atherosclerosis?

A

No because they are not taken into artery walls.

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7
Q

How do you maintain a healthy level of cholesterol?

A

Higher levels of HDLs than LDLs.

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8
Q

What are statins?

A

Drugs that reduce cholesterol levels.

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9
Q

How do statins work?

A

Inhibit enzymes essential for the synthesis of cholesterol by liver cells.

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10
Q

What is Familral Hypercholesterol Aemia?

A

Mutated gene that causes a decrease in the number of LDL receptors in the cell membrane.
they are unable to unload cholesterol meaning that high levels of LDLs accumulate in the arteries.

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11
Q

Glucagon.

A

Converts glycogen back to glucose.

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12
Q

Insulin.

A

Converts glucose to glycogen.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of adrenaline?

A

Released from adrenal glands when the body needs additional glucose supplies.
INHIBITS insulin secretion.

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14
Q

What is obesity?

A

Characterised by excess body fat in relation to lean body fat.

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15
Q

What are the causes of obesity?

A

Genetics; psychological; environmental, metabolic and dietary factors.

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16
Q

Treatment of obesity.

A

A reduction in energy intake and an increase in energy expenditure.

17
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

A blood clot?

18
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

The formation of a blood clot.

19
Q

Why does blood clot?

A

Platelets release a group of proteins at a wound site- clotting factors activate the enzyme THROMBIN- turns soluble plasma protein FIBRINOGEN into its insoluble fibrous form FBRIN- forms a meshwork blinding platelets and blood cells to form a clot.

20
Q

What is an embolus?

A

A thrombus which has broken off a vein and is now travelling around the body.