Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

1 parent
No gametes
No fertilisation
Results in genetically identical cells

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2
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

2 parents
Gametes
Fertilisation
Results in genetically different cells

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3
Q

Advantage of of sexual reproduction

A

Likely to survive a changing environment

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4
Q

Advantage of asexual reproduction

A

Can clone rare species

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5
Q

What is pollination

A

Pollen grains transferred from the anthers to the stigma

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6
Q

What is self pollination

A

Occurs on the same flower

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7
Q

What is cross pollination

A

Transferred to a different flower ( by wind or insect )

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8
Q

Features of insect pollinated plant

A

Bright large and colourful petals
Scented and has nectar
Small round sticky stigmas enclosed in flower

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9
Q

Features of wind pollinated plant

A

Small dull petals
Not scented and no nectar
Large feathery stigmas exposed outside flower
Small and light pollen

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10
Q

Male gamete in a plant and where it’s produced

A

Pollen
Anther

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11
Q

Female gamete in a plant and where it’s produced

A

Ovum
Ovary

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12
Q

Describe steps of fertilization

A

Pollen grains land on stigma
Pollen grain grows a pollen tube down style into ovary
Pollen nucleus travels down pollen tube and moves into the ovule
Pollen nucleus fertilisés the ovum nucleus

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13
Q

Describe steps of fertilization

A

Pollen grains land on stigma
Pollen grain grows a pollen tube down style into ovary
Pollen nucleus travels down pollen tube and moves into the ovule
Pollen nucleus fertilisés the ovum nucleus

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14
Q

4 different ways seeds can be dispersed

A

Wind
Water
Animals (carrying or consuming)
Mechanical (bursting or shaking)

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15
Q

4 different ways seeds can be dispersed

A

Wind
Water
Animals (carrying or consuming)
Mechanical (bursting or shaking)

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16
Q

What 3 conditions are needed for germination to occur and why

A

Water - starch digestion (hydrolysis)
Oxygen - respiration to release energy from stored food
Warmth - enzymes that digest starch and carry out respiration are active

17
Q

Adaptations of sperm

A

Haploid nucleus (half genetic info)
Many mitochondria (respiration) for energy
Head contains enzymes to break into egg membrane
Long tail to swim to egg

18
Q

Adaptations of sperm

A

Haploid nucleus (half genetic info)
Many mitochondria (respiration) for energy
Head contains enzymes to break into egg membrane
Long tail to swim to egg

19
Q

Adaptations of egg cells

A

Haploid nucleus
Outer membrane only letting 1 sperm enter
Nutrient rich cytoplasm

20
Q

What is fertilisation and where does it happen

A

Fusing of sperm and egg nucleus to form a zygote
Happens in oviduct
(Zygote to embryo to foetus to baby)

21
Q

What is fertilisation and where does it happen

A

Fusing of sperm and egg nucleus to form a zygote
Happens in oviduct
(Zygote to embryo to foetus to baby)

22
Q

What is implantation

A

Embryo embeds itself into lining of the uterus
Allows placenta to fomr

23
Q

Why do we need to go through puberty

A

To adapt to allow reproduction to take place

24
Q

2 changes that only occur in males during puberty

A

Tested produce sperm
Hair grows on face and chest

25
2 changes that only occur to females during puberty
Menstrual cycle starts Breasts develop
26
What happens to the level of progesterone if a women is pregnant
High levels Prevents shedding of uterus
27
4 main events of menstrual cycle
Prepare an egg Repair and thicken lining of uterus Ovulation - release a mature egg Maintain the uterus lining
28
What is the role of the placenta
Allows substances to diffuse Provides foetus with oxygen and nutrients
29
What is the role of the umbilical cord
Connects the foetus to the placenta
30
What is the role of the amniotic sac
Shock absorber Cushions and protects foetus
31
How is placenta specialized for exchange
Villi - increase SA for diffusion Maintains good blood supply - provides a conc gradient Short diffusion distance