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Bio 4th Year > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

1 parent
No gametes
No fertilisation
Results in genetically identical cells

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2
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

2 parents
Gametes
Fertilisation
Results in genetically different cells

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3
Q

Advantage of of sexual reproduction

A

Likely to survive a changing environment

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4
Q

Advantage of asexual reproduction

A

Can clone rare species

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5
Q

What is pollination

A

Pollen grains transferred from the anthers to the stigma

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6
Q

What is self pollination

A

Occurs on the same flower

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7
Q

What is cross pollination

A

Transferred to a different flower ( by wind or insect )

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8
Q

Features of insect pollinated plant

A

Bright large and colourful petals
Scented and has nectar
Small round sticky stigmas enclosed in flower

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9
Q

Features of wind pollinated plant

A

Small dull petals
Not scented and no nectar
Large feathery stigmas exposed outside flower
Small and light pollen

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10
Q

Male gamete in a plant and where it’s produced

A

Pollen
Anther

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11
Q

Female gamete in a plant and where it’s produced

A

Ovum
Ovary

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12
Q

Describe steps of fertilization

A

Pollen grains land on stigma
Pollen grain grows a pollen tube down style into ovary
Pollen nucleus travels down pollen tube and moves into the ovule
Pollen nucleus fertilisés the ovum nucleus

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13
Q

Describe steps of fertilization

A

Pollen grains land on stigma
Pollen grain grows a pollen tube down style into ovary
Pollen nucleus travels down pollen tube and moves into the ovule
Pollen nucleus fertilisés the ovum nucleus

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14
Q

4 different ways seeds can be dispersed

A

Wind
Water
Animals (carrying or consuming)
Mechanical (bursting or shaking)

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15
Q

4 different ways seeds can be dispersed

A

Wind
Water
Animals (carrying or consuming)
Mechanical (bursting or shaking)

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16
Q

What 3 conditions are needed for germination to occur and why

A

Water - starch digestion (hydrolysis)
Oxygen - respiration to release energy from stored food
Warmth - enzymes that digest starch and carry out respiration are active

17
Q

Adaptations of sperm

A

Haploid nucleus (half genetic info)
Many mitochondria (respiration) for energy
Head contains enzymes to break into egg membrane
Long tail to swim to egg

18
Q

Adaptations of sperm

A

Haploid nucleus (half genetic info)
Many mitochondria (respiration) for energy
Head contains enzymes to break into egg membrane
Long tail to swim to egg

19
Q

Adaptations of egg cells

A

Haploid nucleus
Outer membrane only letting 1 sperm enter
Nutrient rich cytoplasm

20
Q

What is fertilisation and where does it happen

A

Fusing of sperm and egg nucleus to form a zygote
Happens in oviduct
(Zygote to embryo to foetus to baby)

21
Q

What is fertilisation and where does it happen

A

Fusing of sperm and egg nucleus to form a zygote
Happens in oviduct
(Zygote to embryo to foetus to baby)

22
Q

What is implantation

A

Embryo embeds itself into lining of the uterus
Allows placenta to fomr

23
Q

Why do we need to go through puberty

A

To adapt to allow reproduction to take place

24
Q

2 changes that only occur in males during puberty

A

Tested produce sperm
Hair grows on face and chest

25
Q

2 changes that only occur to females during puberty

A

Menstrual cycle starts
Breasts develop

26
Q

What happens to the level of progesterone if a women is pregnant

A

High levels
Prevents shedding of uterus

27
Q

4 main events of menstrual cycle

A

Prepare an egg
Repair and thicken lining of uterus
Ovulation - release a mature egg
Maintain the uterus lining

28
Q

What is the role of the placenta

A

Allows substances to diffuse
Provides foetus with oxygen and nutrients

29
Q

What is the role of the umbilical cord

A

Connects the foetus to the placenta

30
Q

What is the role of the amniotic sac

A

Shock absorber
Cushions and protects foetus

31
Q

How is placenta specialized for exchange

A

Villi - increase SA for diffusion
Maintains good blood supply - provides a conc gradient
Short diffusion distance

Bio 4th Year (12 decks)

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