Reproduction Flashcards
what is reproduction? types?
the production of individuals of the same species i.e. the next generation of species.
2 basic types of reproduction.
Asexual reproduction means simple cell division that produces an exact duplicate of an organism. There are many types of asexual reproduction.
What is binary fission & where does it occur?
division into two
It is the simplest & most common method of asexual reproduction. It occurs in prokaryotes (bacteria), many unicellular eukaryotes e.g. protozoa & some invertebrates
How does binary fission occur in bacteria?
How does binary fission occur in invertebrates? common in?
How does binary fission occur in unicellular eukaryotes or protozoa? draw diagram
the nucleus of parent organism divides into two (by mitosis). It is followed by the division of cytoplasm. So 2 daughter cells of almost equal size are formed.
paramecium, amoeba
What is budding?
How does budding occur in yeast?
Which animals reproduce by budding?
- a type of asexual reproduction where a small outgrowth (bud) develops on the parent’s body, eventually growing into a new organism.
- Animals such as sponges, Hydra, & corals.
Describe the budding process in animals like Hydra.
pg 62
spore formation in Rhizopus?
What is parthenogenesis?
How do queen honeybees use parthenogenesis?
what animals reproduce by means of parthenogenesis?
What happens to the fertilized eggs laid by the queen honeybee?
- a type of asexual reproduction where an unfertilized egg develops into a new organism.
- Queen honeybees lay unfertilized eggs that develop into haploid male bees (drones) through parthenogenesis.
- Some fishes, frogs and insects
- some eggs are fertilized by male bees & these develop into diploid females (new queen and worker bees).
what is vegetative propagation?
When vegetative parts of plants i.e. roots, stems or leaves give rise to new plants, the process is called vegetative reproduction/ propagation. It occurs naturally, & can also be brought about artificially.
asexual reproduction in plants
creeping stem types?
describe the first one? with examples?
runner and suckers
pg 64
name examples of suckers? what are they?
pg 64
underground stems? examples?
how does natural vegetative propagation happen in leaves? example?
pg 64
what is artificial vegetative propagation?
the growing of new plants from cut portions of the vegetaative plant body
stem cuttings? example? why leaves are removed? why cut stem must have at least 2 nodes close to end that is inserted into the ground?
pg 65
grafting? stock? types? exmaples?
advantages and disadvantages of vp?
define cloning?
pg 63
a typical flowers has how many parts?
outermost to innermost?
explain the first 3 parts?
how do flowering plants reproduce?
4 main whorls
calyx corolla androecium gynoecium
through flowers by producing seeds
explain innermost part of the plant?
_____ contain the plant’s reproductive structures?
where are the spores in sporophyte generation made?
gynoecium carpel
flowers
in anther: male spores
in ovule: female spores
what is sporophyte? explain in detail?
what is gametophyte? how is it formed?
what does anther contain?
how is the pollen grain & pollen tube formed?
what happens when the anther is developing?
how are 4 haploid/diploid microspores formed?
name the 2 nuclei of pollen grain? what happens to each?
what is micropyle?
what is female gametophyte? aka?
how is megaspore produced in _______?
what happens to it then?
where is embryo sac present?
