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Nursing- Bioscience 2 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the organs of the male reproductive system?

A

-testes (system of ducts, urethra)

-accessory sex glands

-supporting structures (scrotum and penis)

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2
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

to produce sperm and secrete hormones

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3
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

a pouch that supports the testes

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4
Q

What are the spermatogenic cells?

A
  1. spermatogonium
  2. primary spermatocyte
  3. secondary spermatocyte
  4. spermatid
  5. sperm cell
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5
Q

What is spermatogenesis, where does it occur, and what does it produce?

A

-occurs in the testes
-consists of meiosis 1 and 2 and spermiogenesis
-creates 4 haploid sperm cells from a primary spermatocyte

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6
Q

what is the function of sperm?

A

fertilize a secondary oocyte

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7
Q

What does the hormone testosterone control?

A

-growth
-development
-maintenance of sex organs
-stimulates bone growth
-protein anabolism
-sperm maturation
-stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics

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8
Q

How does sperm get from the testes to the ovaries?

A

-sperm is transported from the testes to the epididymis where motility increases

-the ducts deferent stores sperm and propels them toward the urethra during ejaculation

-the male urethra passes through the prostate, deep perineal muscles and penis

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9
Q

What makes up semen and what is its function?

A

-a mixture of sperm and seminal fluid
-provides the fluid in which sperm are transported, supplies nutrients, and neutralises the acidity of the male urethra and the vagina

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10
Q

what are the 3 parts of the penis and what is its function?

A

-the root
-the body
-the glans

-function is to introduce sperm

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11
Q

what is meant by an erection?

A

expansion of its blood sinuses under the influence of sexual excitation

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12
Q

What are the organs of the female reproductive system?

A

-ovaries
-fallopian tubes
-uterus
-vagina
-vulva
-mammary glands

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13
Q

Where are the ovaries located and what is their function?

A

-located in the upper pelvic cavity on either side of the uterus
-they produce secondary oocytes (immature egg cell), discharge secondary oocytes and secrete oestrogen, progesterone, relaxin and inhibit hormones

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14
Q

What is oogenesis and where does it take place?

A

-the production of haploid secondary oocytes
-begins in ovaries
-includes meiosis 1 and meiosis 2, which is completed after an ovulated secondary oocyte is fertilised by a sperm cell

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15
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

-transports a secondary oocyte from an ovary to the uterus, and is the normal site of fertilisation

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16
Q

What is the uterus and its function

A

-part of the pathway for sperm deposited in the vagina to reach the uterine tubes

-it functions in menstruation, implantation of a fertilised ovum, development of a foetus during pregnancy and labor

17
Q

what is the endometrium?

A

the innermost layer of the uterine wall which undergoes marked changes during the menstrual cycle

18
Q

what is the function of the vagina?

A

-the passageway for the menstrual flow
-the receptacle for the penis during sex
-the lower portion of the birth canal

-the smooth muscle of the vaginal wall makes it capable of considerable stretching

19
Q

what is the vulva and what does it consist of?

A

-the collective term for the external genitals of the female

-mons pubis
-labia majora
-labis minora
-clitoris
-vestibule
-vaginal and urethral orifices
-paraurethral glands
-greater vestibular glands

20
Q

What are the mammary glands and their function?

A

-located in the breasts
-modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that secrete and eject milk (lactation)

21
Q

what does mammary glands development depend on?

A

oestrogen and progesterone

22
Q

what is milk production of the mammary glands stimulated by?

A

-prolactin
-oestrogens
-progestrone
-oxytocin

23
Q

what is the function of the female reproductive cycle?

A

-includes the ovarian and uterine cycles
-function is to develop secondary oocyte, and to prepare the endometrium each month to receive a fertilised egg

24
Q

What is the role of the hormone FSH?

A

-stimulates development of follicles and initiates secretion of oestrogen by the folly les

25
Q

What is the role of the hormone LH?

A

-to stimulate further the development of the follicles and secretion of oestrogen by follicular cells
-ovulation
-formation of the corpus luteum
-secretion of progestrone and oestrogen

26
Q

What is the role of the hormone oestrogen?

A

-stimulate growth, development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, development of secondary sex characteristics and protein synthesis

27
Q

What is the role of the hormone progesterone?

A

-works along side oestrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation and the mammary glands for milk synthesis

28
Q

What is the role of the hormone relaxin?

A

increase the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps dilate the uterine cervix to ease delivery of a baby

29
Q

what happens during menstrual phase?

A

part of endometrium is shed, discharging blood and tissue cells

30
Q

what happens during preovulatory phase?

A

-a group of follicles in the ovaries begins to undergo maturation, one follicle outgrows the others and becomes dominant whilst the others die whilst endometrial repair occurs in uterus

31
Q

what is ovulation?

A

the rupture of the dominant mature follicle and the release of secondary oocyte into the pelvic cavity, brought about by LH

32
Q

what happens in the postovulatory phase?

A

both progesterone and oestrogen are secreted in large quantities by the corpus luteum of the ovary and the uterine endometrium thickens in readiness for implantation

33
Q

What happens if fertilisation and implantation doesn’t occur?

A

-the corpus letup degenerates and low levels of progesterone and oestrogen allow discharge of the endometrium (menstruation) followed by another reproductive cycle

34
Q

What happens if fertilisation and implantation does occur?

A

the corpus luteum is maintained by hCG

Nursing- Bioscience 2 (12 decks)

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