Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 3 main uses of food molecules absorbed by the GI tract?
- to supply energy for sustaining life processes
- serve as building blocks for synthesis of more complex molecules e.g muscle proteins, hormones, enzymes
- storage for future use
What are nutrients?
chemical substances in food that body cells use for growth, maintenance and repair
What are the 6 main types of nutrients?
-carbohydrates
-lipids
-proteins
-water
-minerals
-vitamins
What are essential nutrients?
specific nutrient molecules that the body can’t make and must be obtained from the diet
What elements do all carbohydrates contain?
-carbon
-hydrogen
-oxygen
Give examples of both simple sugars and complex sugars
-simple= glucose, fructose
-complex= starch, glycogen, cellulose
What are the main functions of carbohydrates?
-energy
-energy storage
-principle component of dietary fibre
What is glycogenesis?
the synthesis of glycogen from glucose
What is glycogenolysis?
the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
What elements do all proteins contain?
-carbon
-hydrogen
-oxygen
-nitrogen
-sulphur
these form amino acids
What are the main functions of proteins
-structural= growth and repair
-functional= enzymes, hormones
-energy in starvation state
What elements do all lipids contain?
-carbon
-hydrogen
-oxygen
-phosphorus
-nitrogen
What types of lipids are there?
-fatty acids
-triglycerides
-cholestrols
-phospholipids
What are the main functions of lipids?
-energy storage
-insulation
-protection
-cell membranes
-steroid hormones
-bile
-local acting hormones
What units are dietary energy measured in?
-kilojoules (Kj, SI unit)
-kilocalories (Kcal)