Reproduction Flashcards
What is reproduction?
Production of offspring
What is sex?
Fusion of genetic material from two parents
Do all organisms have sex?
No, but all organisms reproduce
What are the four types of asexual reproduction?
Fragmentation/regeneration
Binary fission
Budding
Parthogenesis
What are the pros of asexual reproduction?
Easy
Cheap
Relatively error-free
What are the cons of asexual reproduction?
Transmits any mutations that have occurred
No genetic variation - more prone to disease
What are the three fundamental processes of sexual reproduction?
Gametogenesis
Mating
Fertilisation
What are the pros of sexual reproduction?
Variation in offspring
Can purge mutations
What are the cons of sexual reproduction?
Costs in finding a mate
What are the controls of gametogenesis in spermatogenesis?
Hypothalamus secretes GnRH
GnRH stimulates FSH and LH from anterior pituitary gland
FSH stimulates development of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis
FSH develops spermatogenesis by acting with testosterone to stimulate Sertoli cells
LH stimulates Leydig cells which release testosterone to stimulate spermatogenesis (with FSH)
What are the main factors of fruit fly spermatogenesis?
Occurs in cysts in testes
Happens distal to proximal
Starts in larvae stage
Sperm produced after a few days
Stored in seminal vesicle
Semen is from accessory gland
