Reproduction

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

All of the genes come from a single parent cell
Asexually produced offspring are identical to the singular parent.

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Combines genes from two parents, making unique organisms.
A male gamete and a female gamete are both required.

Question 3

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 3

Diversity - allows for better adaptation

Question 4

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 4

Need a mate.
Process is less successful (30%)
Takes a while to develop

Question 5

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 5

Quick
Finding a mate is not necessary

Question 6

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 6

creates “clones” or identical kids.
Can spread diseases by copying faulty cells.
Die easy because they are all the same

Question 7

Autogamy

Answer 7

Self fertilization of male and female gametes (sex cells) produced by themselves.
occurs in most flowering plants, numerous protoza and many invertebrates.

Question 8

Allogamy

Answer 8

The fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the sperm of another.
This is used in humans as well as cross pollination in plants.

Question 9

Internal fertilization

Answer 9

Occurs when the gametes meet inside of the females body.
Direct or indirect
Ex. Humans (direct)
Chickens (Butting)
Scorpions (depositingg)

Question 10

Direct (internal fertilization)

Answer 10

with the use of sex organs

Question 11

Indirect (internal fertilization)

Answer 11

Butting up against each other, or depositing sex gametes into the environments for the female to pick up.

Question 12

External fertilization

Answer 12

Releasing gametes directly into the water and the union happens outside of the bodies.
Both sex gametes need to be released at the same time
used by most aquatic species.

Question 13

Binary Fission (mitosis)

Answer 13

The splitting od cells
genetically identical
very similar to mitosis

Parent cell duplicates DNA, cytoplasm divides, leaving two daughter cells.

Binary fission occurs in bacteria.

Question 14

Budding

Answer 14

when a new organism develops from a bud of an existing organism.
Until the new organism matures, it remains attatched to the parent organism.

Ex. hydra and yeast

A developing bud will grow on the side of the plant until it’s fully formed and detaches.

Question 15

Parthenogenesis

Answer 15

When a female can produce an embryo without fertilizing an egg with sperm

Ex. jawed vertebrates - whiptail lizards

Question 16

Spores

Answer 16

most common mode of asexual reproduction
produced by one parent only (through mitosis) and are genetically identical to the parent.
spores allow fungi to expand their distribution and colonize new environments

A big fungi will release tiny little spores that germinate, then grow and expand further, connect, and grow into a fully grown fungi.

Question 17

Vegetative Reproduction

Answer 17

any form of asexual reproduction occuring in plants where a new plant grows a fragment of the parent cell.
or it grows from a specialized reproductive structure - stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb.

If you cut a part of a parent plant off and plot it into soil, you can create a new plant.

Question 18

Fragment

Answer 18

reproduction where a fragment of the parent breaks off and develops into an entirely new but genetically identical individua.
parent will eventually regenerate or regrow the missing piece, making 2 new individuals in the end.
Ex. Sea Stars

Question 19

Grafting

Answer 19

artificial asexual reproduction used to produce plants combining favourable stem characteristics with favourable root characteristics.

Stem of the plant to be grafted is called a scoin, the root is called the stock.

They will cut the root and stem and bind them together and let them grow together.

Question 20

Plant tissue cultures

Answer 20

plant cloning
asexual reproduction of plants to produce duplicates from one plant specimen
good characteristics can then be passed down to further generations
method involves micropropagation and plant cell structure.

Take leaf from plant, take speckles from leaf, put speckles in petri dish to grow, grows into new plant.