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Science > Atoms & Elements And Stuff > Flashcards

Atoms & Elements And Stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

WHMIS

A

Workplace hazardous materials information system

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2
Q

Condom

A

Tube of compressed gas
Oxygen tanks
Fire near it can go boom boom

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3
Q

Fire

A

Flammable and combustible materials
Cleaning supplies

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4
Q

Fire with circle

A

Oxidizing materials
Can combust randomly with no prompt

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5
Q

Emo skull

A

Poisonous and infectious materials
Cause immediate affects

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6
Q

Excited T

A

Poisonous and infections materials
Cause toxic affects over time

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7
Q

☣️

A

Biohazard materials
Needles

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8
Q

Cool scar guy

A

Corrosive materials
Chemical burns
Eats anything it touches

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9
Q

Super R

A

Dangerously Reactive Materials

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10
Q

Matter is made up of…

A

Pure substances and mixtures

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11
Q

Pure substances are…

A

Elements and compounds

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12
Q

Mixtures are…

A

Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

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13
Q

Elements

A

Found on the periodic table

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14
Q

Compounds

A

Combinations of elements like H2O

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15
Q

Homogeneous mixtures

A

Homo- same
Also known as a solution
A mixture that mixes to look like just one thing

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16
Q

Heterogeneous mixtures

A

Hetero- different
Also known as mechanical mixture
You can see the separate parts of the mixture

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17
Q

Physical properties

A

A property of matter that can be measured or observed without changing the identity of the matter.
Ex. Colour & lustre, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, Ductility, crystal shape, conductivity, hardness, texture, malleability.

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18
Q

Property- Colour and Lustre

A

Lustre is the way a substance reflects light.
Shiny, dull, glossy, glassy, waxy, pearly.

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19
Q

Property- Melting point

A

The temperature that’s solid turns to a liquid. The same temperature as the freezing point but opposite.
It’s affected by pressure in the atmosphere.

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20
Q

Property- Boiling point

A

The temp where a liquid changes to a gas.
The same temperature per substance when flipped/condensation.

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21
Q

Property- density

A

The amount of mass in a given volume, affected by temperature.
25 degreesskes water 1g/ml.
Gold 19g/ml

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22
Q

Property- Solubility

A

How much of a substance can dissolve in water.
Affected by temp.
Salt is 35g/100mL at 0 degrees.

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23
Q

Property- Ductility

A

Any substance that can be stretched into a long wire.
Copper.

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24
Q

Property- Crystal Shape

A

When particles in a substance line up to make a smooth or jagged shape.
Rock mineral
Quartz forms cubes.

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25
Q

Property- Conductivity

A

Ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat energy.
Called conductors
Metals, copper, water.

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26
Q

Property- Hardness

A

Ability to resist being scratched.
1-10
Mineral talc - 1
Diamonds - 10

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27
Q

Property- Texture

A

Feel of a substance
Surface of a raw gemstone is rough but can be smoothed.

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28
Q

Property- Malleability

A

Can be pounded or rolled into sheets.
Aluminum or tin.

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29
Q

Chemical properties of matter

A

A substance and its ability to change into a new substance with different properties.

30
Q

Reactivity

A

When two substances get together, smth can happen.
Ex. Iron + oxygen = rust
Oxygen, water, and acid are very highly reactive.

31
Q

Toxicity

A

How much a substance can damage an animal, plant, cell, or other organisms.
Ex. Lead, chlorine gas, hydrofluoric acid, mercury.

32
Q

Combustible/Flammable

A

Amount of energy released as heat when a substance is burned with oxygen (combustible).
How easily smth will ignite (flammable).

33
Q

Clues of a chemical change

A

Absorbs or emits heat
Forms gas when heated
Emits light during reaction
Forms a precipitate (solid) during reaction/ gets thicker.
Combustible
Reacts with other substances like acid or water
New colour appears
The change is irreversible

34
Q

Water

A

Density anomaly
Adhesion
Cohesion
Surface tension
High specific heat capacity
Capillary action
Conductor

35
Q

Water - adhesion

A

Water molecules are attracted to other things

36
Q

Water - density anomaly

A

Solid water is less dense than liquid.

37
Q

Water- cohesion

A

Water molecules are attracted to itself (drops)

38
Q

Water- surface tension

A

The attraction of water molecules creates a “film” which allows things to float.

39
Q

Water- high specific heat capacity

A

Takes a long time to warm or cool
Boiling point - 100 degrees
Melting/freezing point - 0 degrees

40
Q

Water - capillary action

A

Ability of water to move up - when plants soak water in at the roots it travels up the plant.

41
Q

Theory

A

Not sure but have some evidende

42
Q

Law

A

Proven

43
Q

Atoms

A

Legos/ blocks to build things in the body
Has a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons and is circled by electrons.
Number of protons determines type of atom.
Protons +, Electrons -, Neutrons o

44
Q

Molecules

A

Built from the atom “blocks”
Put together to make things like H2O.
When atoms are put together to make molecules, it forms a covalent bond.

45
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles in nucleus
Charge of +1
Number of protons determines the element

46
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral particles in nucleus
Charge of 0 and mass of a proton

47
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged
Orbit the nucleus in the electron cloud
Charge of -1
Chemical properties of atom determined by its electrons
Number of protons equals number of electrons

48
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same elements can have different numbers of neutrons
These are called isotopes
The number of neutrons affects the mass number but not the atomic number

49
Q

Ions

A

When atoms lose electrons, they become positively charged because there’s more protons than electrons
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged
Negatively charged atoms are called anion or negative ions

50
Q

Neutrons =

A

Mass - atomic number

51
Q

Group 1 - periodic table

A

Alkali metals
1 electron in outer shell
Easily lose the valence (outside) electrons
React with water

52
Q

Group 2 - periodic table

A

Alkaline earth metals
2 electrons in outer shell
Easily lose valence electrons
Harder than alkali metals

53
Q

Group 7

A

Halogens
7 electrons in outer shell
Toxic
Top halogen is most reactive

54
Q

Group 8/Group 18

A

Nobel gases
More stable
Less reactive
Examples: neon signs, helium balloons, gas in between window panes, lasers, light bulbs, radioactive, propellant

55
Q

Bonds

A

Ionic and covalent

56
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Metals and non metals
NaCl, CuF2, LiN03
Electrons get stolen
Opposite charges attract
Metals are not greedy so they let their electrons get stolen

57
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Non metal and non metal
SO2, H20, C3H8O
Held together because atoms are sharing electrons because they’re greedy and neither one will let them go.

58
Q

Rows

A

<—>
All elements in the same row have the same number of atomic orbitals
Ex. Chlorine has three rings and in the 3rd row

59
Q

Columns (groups)

A

All elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer ring
The number of electrons in the outer shell controls most chemical properties, meaning these chemicals all have similar properties

60
Q

Two at the top

A

Hydrogen and helium
Hydrogen can have talents and electrons of two groups, one and seven. Sometimes it’s missing an electron and sometimes it has an extra
Helium can only have two electrons in its outer shell though it’s grouped with ones who have 8

61
Q

Metals

A

88 elements
Found in the left of the staircase
Easily lose electrons
Corrode/ rust

62
Q

Non metals

A

Found on right of staircase
Tend to gain electrons

63
Q

Metaloids

A

Zigzag line (stairs)
Share properties of both metals and non metals

64
Q

Diatomic elements

A

7 elements
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Pure elements
Form molecules containing two atoms
When combined with other elements to make compounds, there are not necessarily two atoms.

65
Q

Greeks

A

every atom said to be indivisible
said everything was the same
didn’t have proper technology to prove their theories

66
Q

Dalton

A

Indivisible atoms make up materials
said to be a solid sphere
Said the atom was the same throughout the whole thing

67
Q

Thompson

A

Discovered electrons
made plum pudding model
said the electrons/negative charge was stuck in the positive “dough”

68
Q

Rutherford

A

Discovered the nucleus where the positive charge was held

69
Q

Bohr

A

Said electrons are spinning around outside of nucleus

70
Q

Modern theory

A

1932-neutrons discovered
electrons buzz around outside

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