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Med Finals - Womens Health > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Where is oestrogen produced

A

Ovaries - stimulated by FSH and LH

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2
Q

What does oestrogen do

A

Breast tissue development
Growth and development of femal sexual organs
Blood vessel development in the uterus
Development of the endometrium

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3
Q

Where is progesterone produced

A

Corpus luteum - after ovulation
(placenta from 10 weeks gestation)

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4
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Thicken and maintain the endometrium
Thicken cervical mucus
Increase body temperature.

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5
Q

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Follicular
Luteal

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6
Q

How long is the luteal phase

A

14 days

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7
Q

What stimulates follicular development

A

FSH

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8
Q

What stimulates ovulation

A

LH

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9
Q

What structures develop from the endoderm

A

GI tract
Lungs
Liver
Pancreas
Thyroid
Reproductive system

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10
Q

What structures develop from the mesoderm

A

Heart
Muscle
Bone
Connective tissue
Blood
Kidneys

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11
Q

What structures develop from the ectoderm

A

Skin
Hair
Nails
Teeth
CND

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12
Q

What is the function of the placenta

A

Provides oxygen
Nutrition
Excretion
Endocrine
Immunity

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13
Q

What is the endocrine function of the placenta

A

hCG
Oestrogen and progestrone

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14
Q

What physsiological changes happen during pregnancy

A

Hormonal
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Renal
Uterus
Myometrium
Vagina
Blood
Skin

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15
Q

What hormonal changes happen during pregnancy

A

Increased ACTH - rise in cortisol and aldosterone
Increased Prolactin - supress FSH and LH
Increased Melanocyte stimulating hormone - linea nigra, melasma
Raised T3 T4 - normal TSH
hCG
Progesterone
Oestrogen

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16
Q

Changes to uterus cervix and vagina

A

Increases in size
Hypertrophy of myometrium and blood vessels
Hypertrophy of vaginal muscles and increased discharge

17
Q

Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy

A

Increased blood volume
Increased plasma volume
Increased cardiac output - increase stroke volume and HR
Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
Decreased blood pressure in early but should return to normal
Varicose veins
Peripheral vasodilation

18
Q

Respiratory changes in pregnancy

A

Tidal volume and respiratory rate increase

19
Q

Renal changes in pregnancy

A

Increased blood flow
Increased GFR
Increased aldosteron - increased salt and water retention
Increased protein excretion
Dilattion of the ureters and collecting system - physiological hydronephrosis

20
Q

Haematological changes

A

Incresed RBC production - iron, folate and B12 requirements
Increased plasma volume
Increased clotting factors - VTE risk
Increased

21
Q

Skin and hair changes in pregnancy

A

Skin pigmentation - linea nigra
Striae gravidarum
Itchiness - obstetric cholestasis
Spider naevi
Palmar erythema
Post partum hairloss

22
Q

Stages of labour

A

1st
2nd
3rd

23
Q

1st stage of labour

A

Onset of true contraction until 10cm dilation

24
Q

2nd stage of labour

A

From 10cm dilation to delivery of baby

25
Q

3rd stage of labour

A

From delivery of baby to delivery of placenta

26
Q

Phases of 1st stage of labour

A

Latent
Active
Transition

27
Q

latent phase of 1st stage of labour

A

From 0-3cm dilation irregular contraction, 0.5cm/hour

28
Q

Active phase of 1st stage of labour

A

3cm-7cm dilation
1cm per hour
Regular contraction

29
Q

Transition phase of 1st stage of labour

A

7cm-10cm dilation
1cm per hour
Strong regular contractions

30
Q

What are the seven cardinal movements of labour

A

Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Internal rotation
Extension
Restitution - external rotation
Expulsion

31
Q

Physiological management of 3rd stage of labour

A

Placenta delivered by maternal effort without medicaion

32
Q

Active management of the third stage of labour

A

Assisted delivery of placenta -
IM oxytocin - uterus contraction
Umbilical cord contraction

Med Finals - Womens Health (10 decks)

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