Reproduction Flashcards
Where is oestrogen produced
Ovaries - stimulated by FSH and LH
What does oestrogen do
Breast tissue development
Growth and development of femal sexual organs
Blood vessel development in the uterus
Development of the endometrium
Where is progesterone produced
Corpus luteum - after ovulation
(placenta from 10 weeks gestation)
What does progesterone do
Thicken and maintain the endometrium
Thicken cervical mucus
Increase body temperature.
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle
Follicular
Luteal
How long is the luteal phase
14 days
What stimulates follicular development
FSH
What stimulates ovulation
LH
What structures develop from the endoderm
GI tract
Lungs
Liver
Pancreas
Thyroid
Reproductive system
What structures develop from the mesoderm
Heart
Muscle
Bone
Connective tissue
Blood
Kidneys
What structures develop from the ectoderm
Skin
Hair
Nails
Teeth
CND
What is the function of the placenta
Provides oxygen
Nutrition
Excretion
Endocrine
Immunity
What is the endocrine function of the placenta
hCG
Oestrogen and progestrone
What physsiological changes happen during pregnancy
Hormonal
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Renal
Uterus
Myometrium
Vagina
Blood
Skin
What hormonal changes happen during pregnancy
Increased ACTH - rise in cortisol and aldosterone
Increased Prolactin - supress FSH and LH
Increased Melanocyte stimulating hormone - linea nigra, melasma
Raised T3 T4 - normal TSH
hCG
Progesterone
Oestrogen
Changes to uterus cervix and vagina
Increases in size
Hypertrophy of myometrium and blood vessels
Hypertrophy of vaginal muscles and increased discharge
Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy
Increased blood volume
Increased plasma volume
Increased cardiac output - increase stroke volume and HR
Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
Decreased blood pressure in early but should return to normal
Varicose veins
Peripheral vasodilation
Respiratory changes in pregnancy
Tidal volume and respiratory rate increase
Renal changes in pregnancy
Increased blood flow
Increased GFR
Increased aldosteron - increased salt and water retention
Increased protein excretion
Dilattion of the ureters and collecting system - physiological hydronephrosis
Haematological changes
Incresed RBC production - iron, folate and B12 requirements
Increased plasma volume
Increased clotting factors - VTE risk
Increased
Skin and hair changes in pregnancy
Skin pigmentation - linea nigra
Striae gravidarum
Itchiness - obstetric cholestasis
Spider naevi
Palmar erythema
Post partum hairloss
Stages of labour
1st
2nd
3rd
1st stage of labour
Onset of true contraction until 10cm dilation
2nd stage of labour
From 10cm dilation to delivery of baby
