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Med Finals - Womens Health > Genitourinary > Flashcards

Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

Define bacterial vaginosis

A

Overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina - speciffically anaerobic bacteria

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2
Q

Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis

A

Multiple sexual partners
Excessive vaginal cleaning
Recent antibiotics
Smoking
Copper coil

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3
Q

Presentation of bacterial vaginosis

A

Fishy-smelling watery grey discharge
No Itching, Irritation, Pain

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4
Q

Investigation in bacterial vaginosis

A

Vaginal pH - >4.5
Vaginal swab
Clue cells on microscopy

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5
Q

Management of bacterial vaginosis

A

Metronidazole

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6
Q

Define candidiasis

A

Thrush - vaginal infection with a yeast of the candida family

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7
Q

Risk factors for candidiasis

A

Increased oestrogen
Poorly controlled diabetes
Immunosuppression
Broad spectrum antibiotics

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8
Q

Presentation of bacterial vaginosis

A

Thick white discharge
Erythema
Fissures
Vulval and vaginal itching, irritation and discomfort
Oedema
Pain during sex
Dysuria
Excoriation

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9
Q

Investigations of candidiasis

A

Vaginal pH - <4.5
Charcoal swab

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10
Q

Management of candidiasis

A

Antifungal creams
Antifungal pessary
Oral antifungals

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11
Q

Define chlamydia

A

A gram-negative bacteria causing the most common STI in UK

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12
Q

Presentation of chlamydia

A

Abnormal vaginal discharge
Pelvic pain
Abnormal bleeding
Painful sex
Painful urination

Urethral discharge
Painful urination
Epididymo-orchitis
Reactive arthritis

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13
Q

Clinical signs of chlamydia

A

Pelvic or abdominal tenderness
Cervical motion tenderness
Inflamed cervix
Purulent discharge

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14
Q

Management of chlamydia

A

Doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days
(breast feeding - azithro, erythro, or amoxicillin)

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15
Q

Define Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

STI caused by a gram negative diplococcus bacteria infecting mucus membranes with columnar epithelium such as the endocervix, urethra, rectum, conjunctiva and pharynx.

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16
Q

Presentation of Gonorrhoea

A

Odouless purulent discharge - green yellow
Dysuria
Pelvic pain
Testicular pain or swelling

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17
Q

Test for gonorrhoea

A

NAAT tests - gonococcal RNA or DNA

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18
Q

Management of gonorrhoea

A

IM ceftriaxone
Oral ciprofloxacin
Test of cure - DNA NAAT 14 days later
Abstain from sex
Test and treat contacts

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19
Q

Define mycoplasma genitalium

A

Bacteria that causes non-gonococcal urethritis - STI

20
Q

Management of mycoplasma genitalium

A

Doxycycline
Azithromycin

21
Q

Define pelvic inflammatory disesae

A

Inflammation and infection of the organs of the pelvis caused by infcection spreading up through the cervix

22
Q

Define endometritis

A

Inflammation of the endometrium

23
Q

Define salpingitis

A

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

24
Q

Define oophoritis

A

Inflammation of the ovariea

25
Q

Define perametritis

A

Inflammation of the parametrium - connective tissue around the uterus

26
Q

Define peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneal membrane

27
Q

Causitive organisms in PID

A

Gonnorrhoeae
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma

28
Q

Risk factors for PID

A

Not using barrier contraception
Multiple sexual partners
Younger age
Existing STI
Previous PID
Itrauterine device

29
Q

Presentation of PID

A

Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Pain during sex
Fever
Dysuria

30
Q

Presentation of PID

A

Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Pain during sex
Fever
Dysuria
Pelvic tenderness
Cervical motion tenderness
Inflamed cervix
Purulent discharge

31
Q

Investigations in PID

A

Swabs!
Pregnancy test
Inflammatory markers

32
Q

Management of PID

A

IM ceftriaxone
Doxycycline
MEtronidazole

33
Q

Define Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A

Complication of pelvic inflammatory disease - inflammation of the liver capsule leading to adhesions between the liver and peritoneum -

34
Q

Define tricomoniasis

A

Parasite spread through sexual intercourse -

35
Q

Presentation of tricomoniasis

A

Vaginal discharge - frothy and yellow green, may have fishy odour
Itching
Dysuria
Dyspareunia
Balanitis
Examination reveals strawberry cervix
pH >4.5

36
Q

Management of tricomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

37
Q

Define genital herpes

A

Caused by HSV-1 transmitted through orogenital sex,
HSV-2 transmited by sexual intercourse

38
Q

Presentation of genital herpes

A

Ulcers or blistering lesion
Neuropathic type pain
Flu-like symptoms
Dysuria
Inguinal lymphadenopathy

39
Q

Management of genital herpes

A

Aciclovir
Symptomatic management
Paracetamol
Topical lidocaine
Cleaning with warm salt water
Fluids
Avoid intercourse

40
Q

Define syphilis

A

Infection caused by treponema pallidum -

41
Q

Syphilis transmission

A

Oral vaginal or anal sex
Vertical transmission
IVDU
Blood transfusion

42
Q

Stages of syphilis

A

Primary - painless ulcer
Secondary - systemic symptoms
Latent - symptoms disappear
Tertiary - gummas and CVS or neuro issues
Neurosyphilis - affects CNS

43
Q

Presentation of primary syphilis

A

Painless genital ulcer
Local lymphadenopathy

44
Q

Presentation of secondary syphilis

A

Maculopapular rash
Condylomata lata - grey wart like lesion around genitals and anus
Low grade fever
Alopecia
Oral lesion

45
Q

Presentation of tertiary syphilis

A

Gummatous lesion - gummas, granulomatous lesions affectiong skin organs and bones
Aortic aneurysms
Neurosyhpilis

46
Q

Presentation of neurosyphilis

A

Headache
Altered behaviours
Dementia
Tabes dorsalis - demyelination of posterior columns
Ocular syphilis - argyll-Robertson pupil
Paralysis
Sensory impairment

47
Q

Management of syphilis

A

Benzanthine benzylpenicillin
Late - ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, doxycycline

Med Finals - Womens Health (10 decks)

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