Reproduction Flashcards
What is the male reproductive part of a flower called?
The stamen
What does the stamen consist of?
Anther
Filament
What is the anther?
Contains pollen grains which produce the male gametes (sperm)
What is the filament?
The stalk that supports the anther
What is the female reproductive part of a flower called?
Carpel
What does the carpel consist of?
Ovary
Style
Stigma
What is the stigma?
The end bit that the pollen grain attaches to
What is the style?
The rod-like section that supports the stigma. Pollen tube grows down through here
What is the ovary?
Contains the female gametes (eggs) inside ovules
What is the ovary?
Contains the female gametes (eggs) inside ovules
How are some plants adapted for insect pollination?
- Brightly coloured petals to attract insects
- Scented flowers and nectaries attract insects
- Big, sticky pollen grains stick to the insect as they move from plant to plant
- The stigma is sticky so any pollen picked up by insects on other plants will stick to the stigma
How are some plants adapted for wind pollination?
- Small, dull petals on the flower (don’t need to attract insects)
- No nectaries or strong scents (don’t need to attract insects)
- A lot of small and light pollen grains which can be blown by the wind
- Long filaments hang the anther outside the flower so the pollen gets blown away easier
- A large and feathery stigma catch pollen as it’s carried by the wind
What happens when a flower is fertilised?
- A pollen grain lands on the stigma (with help from wind/insects)
- Pollen tube grows out of the pollen grain and through the style to the ovary
- A nucleus from the male gamete moves down the tube to join with a female gamete into the ovule
- Each fertilised female gamete forms a seed
What is needed for a seed to germination?
- Water
- Oxygen
- Warmth
Why is water needed to germinate a seed?
To activate the enzymes that break down the food reserves in the seed
How can farmers reproduce a plant (asexually) using natural methods?
Use an example of a strawberry plant
- The parent strawberry plant sends out runners (fast-growing stems that grow sideways)
- The runners take root at various points and new plants start to grow
- The new plants are clones of the parent strawberry plant
Describe what happens in Stage 1 of the menstrual cycle (Day 1-4)
Menstruation starts
The uterus lining breaks down for approx. 4 day
Describe what happens in Stage 2 of the menstrual cycle (Day 4-15)
The uterus lining builds up again
The uterus lining builds into a thick, spongy layer full of blood vessels, ready to receive a fertilised egg
Describe what happens in Stage 3 of the menstrual cycle (Day 15)
An egg develops and is released from the ovary at day 15. This is ovulation
Describe what happens in Stage 4 of the menstrual cycle (Day 15-28)
The wall is then maintained.
If no fertilised egg lands on the uterus wall by day 28, the spongy line breaks down and the cycle repeats
What is the role of oestrogen and where is it produced?
Causes the lining of the uterus to grow
Highest at approx. days 4-15
Produced in the ovaries
Stimulates the release of LH
What is the role of LH and where is it produced?
Luteneising Hormone
Stimulates the release of an egg at day 14 (ovulation)
Made in the pituitary gland
What is the role of FSH and where is it produced?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries
Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen, which then inhibits the release of FSH
Produced in the pituitary gland
What is the role of progesterone and where is it produced?
Maintains the lining of the uterus during the second half of the cycle.
The fall of progesterone causes the release of the lining
It inhibits the release of LH and FSH
Produced in the ovaries
