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Animal Science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological and behavioral changes from one ovulation to next

A

Estrous cycle

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2
Q

Period of receptivity to be bred

A

Estrus

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3
Q

Female gamate- genetic material

A

Ovum

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4
Q

Ovum with cells that support growth and development

A

Follicle

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5
Q

Release of follicle

A

Ovulation

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6
Q

Prenatal development of offspring in uterus

A

Gestation

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7
Q

Birth process

A

Partuation

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8
Q

Process of laying an egg

A

Ovipositon

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9
Q

Embryonic development outside of body

A

Incubation

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10
Q

Fully split uterus with 2 cervex (marsupials and rodents)

A

Duplex

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11
Q

Partially split uterus (livestock, dogs, and cats)

A

Bicornuate

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12
Q

One complete uterus

A

Simplex

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13
Q

Ovaries

A

Exocrine: produce and release ovum
Endocrine: estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone

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14
Q

Hormone of estrus. Prepare for ovum fertilization

A

Estrogen

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15
Q

Produces estrogen and testosterone

A

Follicle

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16
Q

Produces progesterone

A

Corpus Luteum

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17
Q

Hormone of pregnancy. Prepares for gestation.

A

Progesterone.

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18
Q

Oviducts 3 functions

A
  1. Transport sperm to ovum
  2. Site of fertilization
  3. Oviduct fluid provides nutrition
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19
Q

Uterus 4 functions

A

Transport: sperm in and fetus out
Nutrition: nutrition till placental attachment
Gestation: develop fetus
Endocrine: produce and release hormones

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20
Q

Cervex function

A

Protect from microorganisms. Only opens during estrus for fertilization and during parturition for birth

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21
Q

Rings prevent entrance into uterus

A

Annular rings in cervex

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22
Q

What is the vagina composed of?

A

Tough connective tissue and stratified squamous layer

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23
Q

Where does semen deposition take place

A

Vagina (except swine)

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24
Q

Half genetic material

25
All genetic material
Diploid
26
Where do embryo cells divide?
ZonaPellucida
27
2 groups of cells in womb
1) inner cell mass: animals 2) trophoblastic: placenta
28
Placenta 3 functions
1) Exchange of products: oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrients/waste product 2) hydraulic dampener 3) Parturition: dilation of cervix (chorionallantios 1st sac) Lubrication from amniotic fluid (2nd sac)
29
Does blood mix between mother and fetus?
No. Mother’s immune response would kill baby
30
Diffuse placental attachment
Lots of attachment thorough out uterus via microvilli (horse and swine)
31
Zonary placenta attachment
Regional diffuse attachment in band or strip shape (carnivores dogs cats)
32
Cotyledonary placenta attachment
Placenta is attached at different separate sites in the uterus (ruminants)
33
3 Stages of parturition
1) final preparations: uterine contractions, cervix dilation, and repositioning 2) delivery of fetus 3) expulsion of placenta
34
3 causes of dystocia
1) size of offspring to dam 2) condition of dam (weight) 3) malpresentation
35
What components make up an avian reproduction tract?
1 left ovary and left oviduct
36
Avian: ovary function
Releases ovum and yolk
37
What is the yolk comprised of?
Energy, vitamins, and minerals
38
Avian: infundibulum function
Fertilization (sperm nest)
39
Avian: magnum function
Add albumin (egg white)
40
Avian: isthmus function
Add inner and outer membrane
41
Avian: what adds the shell on the egg?
Shell gland
42
What is the common opening called?
Cloaca
43
Testes 2 functions
1) Exocrine: gamate sperm is produced 2) Endocrine: estrogen (sertoli) and testosterone (Leydig)
44
Where is sperm produced
Seminiferous tubules in testes
45
Epididymus functions 4
1) transport: testes to epididymus 2) nutrition 3) maturation (body) 4) storage (tail)
46
Vas deferens function
Transport from epididymus to urethra
47
3 types of accessory glands
1) seminal vesicles 2) prostate 3) cowpers gland (bulbourethra)
48
Tunica albugenia
Connective tissue
49
Corpus cavernosum
Blood supply
50
More corpus carvernosum. Blood supply increases length, diameter, and stiffness.
Vascular penis
51
More tunica albuginea. More blood supply increases stiffness
Fibrous penis
52
What comprises the avian male reproductive tract?
2 testes and 2 modified epididymus
53
Sperm survival
Mammals: 48-72 hours Chicken: 35 days Turkey: 70 days
54
Sertoli cells
Estrogen
55
Leydig cells
Testosterone
56
Blood vessels that regulate testes temperature
Panpiniform plexus
57
Smooth muscle in scrotum
Tunica dartos
58
Bend in bull penis
Sigmoid flexture
59
Retractor penis muscle
Pulls penis up when not in use

Animal Science (8 decks)

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