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Animal Science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Physiological and behavioral changes from one ovulation to next

A

Estrous cycle

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2
Q

Period of receptivity to be bred

A

Estrus

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3
Q

Female gamate- genetic material

A

Ovum

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4
Q

Ovum with cells that support growth and development

A

Follicle

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5
Q

Release of follicle

A

Ovulation

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6
Q

Prenatal development of offspring in uterus

A

Gestation

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7
Q

Birth process

A

Partuation

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8
Q

Process of laying an egg

A

Ovipositon

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9
Q

Embryonic development outside of body

A

Incubation

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10
Q

Fully split uterus with 2 cervex (marsupials and rodents)

A

Duplex

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11
Q

Partially split uterus (livestock, dogs, and cats)

A

Bicornuate

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12
Q

One complete uterus

A

Simplex

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13
Q

Ovaries

A

Exocrine: produce and release ovum
Endocrine: estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone

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14
Q

Hormone of estrus. Prepare for ovum fertilization

A

Estrogen

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15
Q

Produces estrogen and testosterone

A

Follicle

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16
Q

Produces progesterone

A

Corpus Luteum

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17
Q

Hormone of pregnancy. Prepares for gestation.

A

Progesterone.

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18
Q

Oviducts 3 functions

A
  1. Transport sperm to ovum
  2. Site of fertilization
  3. Oviduct fluid provides nutrition
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19
Q

Uterus 4 functions

A

Transport: sperm in and fetus out
Nutrition: nutrition till placental attachment
Gestation: develop fetus
Endocrine: produce and release hormones

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20
Q

Cervex function

A

Protect from microorganisms. Only opens during estrus for fertilization and during parturition for birth

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21
Q

Rings prevent entrance into uterus

A

Annular rings in cervex

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22
Q

What is the vagina composed of?

A

Tough connective tissue and stratified squamous layer

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23
Q

Where does semen deposition take place

A

Vagina (except swine)

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24
Q

Half genetic material

A

Haploid

25
Q

All genetic material

A

Diploid

26
Q

Where do embryo cells divide?

A

ZonaPellucida

27
Q

2 groups of cells in womb

A

1) inner cell mass: animals
2) trophoblastic: placenta

28
Q

Placenta 3 functions

A

1) Exchange of products: oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrients/waste product
2) hydraulic dampener
3) Parturition: dilation of cervix (chorionallantios 1st sac)
Lubrication from amniotic fluid (2nd sac)

29
Q

Does blood mix between mother and fetus?

A

No. Mother’s immune response would kill baby

30
Q

Diffuse placental attachment

A

Lots of attachment thorough out uterus via microvilli (horse and swine)

31
Q

Zonary placenta attachment

A

Regional diffuse attachment in band or strip shape (carnivores dogs cats)

32
Q

Cotyledonary placenta attachment

A

Placenta is attached at different separate sites in the uterus (ruminants)

33
Q

3 Stages of parturition

A

1) final preparations: uterine contractions, cervix dilation, and repositioning
2) delivery of fetus
3) expulsion of placenta

34
Q

3 causes of dystocia

A

1) size of offspring to dam
2) condition of dam (weight)
3) malpresentation

35
Q

What components make up an avian reproduction tract?

A

1 left ovary and left oviduct

36
Q

Avian: ovary function

A

Releases ovum and yolk

37
Q

What is the yolk comprised of?

A

Energy, vitamins, and minerals

38
Q

Avian: infundibulum function

A

Fertilization (sperm nest)

39
Q

Avian: magnum function

A

Add albumin (egg white)

40
Q

Avian: isthmus function

A

Add inner and outer membrane

41
Q

Avian: what adds the shell on the egg?

A

Shell gland

42
Q

What is the common opening called?

A

Cloaca

43
Q

Testes 2 functions

A

1) Exocrine: gamate sperm is produced
2) Endocrine: estrogen (sertoli) and testosterone (Leydig)

44
Q

Where is sperm produced

A

Seminiferous tubules in testes

45
Q

Epididymus functions 4

A

1) transport: testes to epididymus
2) nutrition
3) maturation (body)
4) storage (tail)

46
Q

Vas deferens function

A

Transport from epididymus to urethra

47
Q

3 types of accessory glands

A

1) seminal vesicles
2) prostate
3) cowpers gland (bulbourethra)

48
Q

Tunica albugenia

A

Connective tissue

49
Q

Corpus cavernosum

A

Blood supply

50
Q

More corpus carvernosum. Blood supply increases length, diameter, and stiffness.

A

Vascular penis

51
Q

More tunica albuginea. More blood supply increases stiffness

A

Fibrous penis

52
Q

What comprises the avian male reproductive tract?

A

2 testes and 2 modified epididymus

53
Q

Sperm survival

A

Mammals: 48-72 hours
Chicken: 35 days
Turkey: 70 days

54
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Estrogen

55
Q

Leydig cells

A

Testosterone

56
Q

Blood vessels that regulate testes temperature

A

Panpiniform plexus

57
Q

Smooth muscle in scrotum

A

Tunica dartos

58
Q

Bend in bull penis

A

Sigmoid flexture

59
Q

Retractor penis muscle

A

Pulls penis up when not in use

Animal Science (8 decks)

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