Reproduction Flashcards
What is in the male reproduction system?
Testes Scrotum Sperm ducts Prostate gland Urethra Penis
What is the function of the testes?
Produce sperm
What is the function of the scrotum?
Sack holds & protects testes, slightly lower than body temperature
What is the function of the sperm ducts?
Carries sperm or urine from testes to urethra
What is the function of the urethra?
Tube through which sperm or urine leaves penis
What is the function of the penis?
Organ that introduces sperm into vagina
What is in the female reproductive system?
Ovary Oviducts Uterus Cervix Vagina Vulva
What is the function of the ovary?
Releases ova during ovulation
What is the function of the oviduct?
Fertilisation takes place here, carries egg to uterus
What is the function of the uterus?
Where embryo will develop
What is the function of the cervix?
Opening to uterus
What is the function of the vagina?
Opening to outside
Sperm released here
What is the function of the vulva?
Protection of vagina
What is oestrogen’s function in the menstruation cycle?
Levels low during menstruation
Initial repair & build up of uterus lining
Levels increase from day 1 and peak at day 14
What is progesterone’s function in menstruation cycle?
Levels low during menstruation, builds up & will peak days after ovulation (day 14)
Builds up & maintains lining of uterus until bleeding
How does a woman get pregnant?
Fertilisation takes place in oviduct; this is when haploid sperm & haploid egg nuclei fuse to form a zygote
What is meant by the term haploid?
Ova and sperm cells are haploid, as they have half the normal number of chromosomes, 23 each, so that when they fuse they restore the full number of 46 in the zygote
What happens after fertilisation?
Egg divides many times to form ball of cells called zygote
Travels along oviduct to uterus, where it will implant
What is the placenta? What is its function?
Disc-shaped organ which forms
Nutrients from mother’s blood diffuses across it, e.g. oxygen & glucose
Mother’s & baby’s blood doesn’t mix as they might be different blood groups
Placenta is where change of dissolved nutrients occur
What nutrients are delivered to baby?
Oxygen & glucose carried to foetus in blood vessels in umbilical chord
What is carried away from baby?
Carbon dioxide & urea carried away through blood vessels in umbilical chord to mother
What is the method of a condom? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
Acts as a barrier, prevents egg and sperm meeting
Easily obtained, protects against STIs
Unreliable if not used properly
What is the method of a contraceptive pill? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
Chemical, taken regularly by women, stops ovaries releasing eggs by changing hormone levels
Very reliable
Can cause weight gain, mood swings, and must remember to take them each day
What is the method of an implant? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
Chemical, inserted just under skin in arm, slowly releases hormones
Very reliable, can work up to 3 years
Don’t protect against STIs, can prevent periods from occurring
